would rather that somebody did…'寧愿……;更愿意……'(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼牟荒軐?shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)

would rather that somebody had done…'寧愿……;更愿意……'(表示過去的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)

[例句]

1.I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。

2.I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.

我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。

3.I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday.

我情愿昨天沒有看到她。

as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……(表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r相反用過去時(shí);表示與過去的情況相反用過去完成時(shí))

[例句]

1.Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.

我們校長(zhǎng)對(duì)待我們就像我們是她自己的孩子一樣，所以我們班所有學(xué)生都很尊重她。

2.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

Alan談起羅馬來就好像他去過那里似的。

'wish +賓語(yǔ)從句'，表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

表示現(xiàn)在的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過去時(shí);

表示過去的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+had done;

表示將來的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/could do

[例句]

1.How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己!

2.I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing!

我考試沒有及格。我多么希望我沒有浪費(fèi)這么多的時(shí)間用來玩兒！

3.What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!

真遺憾你不能去這個(gè)聚會(huì)。我多么希望我可以和你在聚會(huì)上跳舞?。?/p>

It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……

[例句]

1.It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.

你該去上學(xué)了。

2.It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情的時(shí)候了。

3.I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

could have done '本來可以做某事實(shí)際卻沒做”或“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”

might have done '或許已經(jīng)做了某事“

should/ought to have done '本來該做某事而實(shí)際未做”

should not/ought not to have done '本來不該做實(shí)際卻做過了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣“

needn't have done '本來不必做但是已經(jīng)做過了

would rather have done '當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事實(shí)際沒有做過悔'之意。

as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。

[例句]

1. Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.

→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.

我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。

2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.

→Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點(diǎn)。

3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.

→Child(省略冠詞)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，卻認(rèn)識(shí)了許多漢字。

4. Although he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.

→Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒有解決問題。

5. Although it is raining, I'm going out for a walk.

→Raining as it is, I'm going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。

6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒有人受傷。

7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。

8. Object as you may, I will go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。

…before…特殊用法(1)'沒來得及……就……'

[例句]

1.The roof had fallen before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

他還沒有來得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。

2.He had run off before I could stop him. 我還沒有來得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。

3.To my great disappointment, my favorite singer had left the concert before I could have a word with her.

讓我非常失望的是，我還沒有來得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開了。

…before…特殊用法(2)'過了多久才……'或'動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……'

[例句]

1.They had walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.

他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。

2.The workers had worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.

工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。

3.He almost had knocked me down before he knew it.

他幾乎撞到我了才意識(shí)到。

4.We had walked a long way before we found some water.

我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路才找到一點(diǎn)水。

5.Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不覺，五年過去了。

It was + 時(shí)間段+before….'過了多久才……'

It was not long before….'不久，就……'

It will (not) be +時(shí)間段+before….'要過多久(不久)……才……'(before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))

[例句]

1.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。

2.It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回來。

3.It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過半年你才能畢業(yè)。

4.It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會(huì)互相了解。

in case of…(+n.) '以防;假使';

in case that…'以防，假使……'(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形)

[例句]

1.In case of fire, what should we do?

假使發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們要做些什么呢？

2.Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐?，以防我忘記?/p>

3.In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.

假使約翰來了，請(qǐng)讓他等一會(huì)兒。

4.Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型基本構(gòu)成：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + who(強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí))/that （強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是人也可以是事物）+ 原句剩余部分

[例句1]

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))

→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))

[例句2]

He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.

→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.

(1)、祈使句(表?xiàng)l件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句

(2)、祈使句(表?xiàng)l件)+ and +主句(表結(jié)果)

[例句1]

Hurry up, or you'll be late for class.

快點(diǎn)兒，否則你上課要遲到了。

[例句2]

Work hard and you will make progress every day.

好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。

…until….'直到……時(shí)候'

not…until…'直到……才……'

[例句1]

You are to stay until your mother comes back.

你得等到你媽媽回來。

The meeting was put off until ten o'clock.

會(huì)議推遲到十點(diǎn)鐘。

[例句2]

The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.

→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

等到湖里的魚全死光了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。

unless…'除非，如果不……'(=if…not)

[例句]

I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.

如果不下雨，我明天去。

I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).

除非被邀請(qǐng)，否則我不去參加的生日晚會(huì)。

(1)、主語(yǔ) + was/were doing… when…'正在做某事這時(shí)……'

(2)、主語(yǔ) + was/were about to do…when…=主語(yǔ)+was/were on the point of (doing)…when…'正要去做某事這時(shí)……'

(3)、主語(yǔ) + had done… when… '剛剛做完某事這時(shí)...'

[例句1]

I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.

我正在河邊行走，這時(shí)我突然聽到一個(gè)落水男孩求救。

[例句2]

I was about to leave when it began to rain.

我剛要離開，這時(shí)下雨了。

[例句3]

I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over.

我剛做完試卷下課就鈴響了。

while：'當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候'，'盡管'、'雖然'，'然而;可是'

[例句1]

While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.

盡管我承認(rèn)這個(gè)問題很難，但是我并不認(rèn)為無法解決。

[例句2]

I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺120美元，她卻賺180美元。

where:可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句。

[例句1]

Where there is a will, there is a way. （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）

有志者，事竟成。

[例句2]

That is the building where my father works. （定語(yǔ)從句）

那是我父親工作的大樓。

[例句3]

We could see the runners very well from where we stood.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。

what：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。

[例句1]

What is most important in life isn't money. （主語(yǔ)從句）

人生最重要的并非是金錢。

[例句2]

Will you show me what you bought? （賓語(yǔ)從句）

可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎?

[例句3]

Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. （表語(yǔ)從句）

Mary已經(jīng)不是10年前的她了。

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

[注意1]as通常只指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。

[注意2]as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常指'事先可以預(yù)料到的'，'料想到的'，表達(dá)'好'的方面。

[例句]

This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你工作的一部分。

The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個(gè)老師。

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以指整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容(如單詞或詞組等)。

[例句]

Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world.

黃石國(guó)家公園位于懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國(guó)家公園之一。

She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。

疑問詞+ever （whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever,whenever, wherever,however)：既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

[例句]

We will do whatever we can to help him out. （賓語(yǔ)從句）

我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。

Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）

無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不能失去希望。

[注意]：“No matter+疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

完全倒裝句型(1)

here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝

[例句]

There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!

Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

我們期盼的時(shí)候到了。

完全倒裝句型(2)

表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子完全倒裝，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動(dòng)詞。

[例句]

On a hill in front of them stands a great castle.

在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。

In front of the house stopped a police car.

房子的全面停著一輛警車。

Under the tree sat a boy of about ten.

在樹下坐著一個(gè)大約10歲的男孩。

部分倒裝句型(1)

否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子半倒裝。

主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(決不), at no time(在任何時(shí)候都不)，nowhere, in no case (無論如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(決不) 等。

[例句]

Never shall I forget you.

我絕不會(huì)忘記你。

At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

那個(gè)人根本沒有注意到發(fā)生的情況。

Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

我那時(shí)幾乎沒有明白他給我說的話。

Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.

他在考試中沒有犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

部分倒裝句型(2)

only + 狀語(yǔ)（副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句）

[例句1]

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

那個(gè)時(shí)候我才意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。

[例句2]

Only in this way can you speak English well.

只有用這種方式你才能說好英語(yǔ)。

[例句3]

Only when I got to know him, did I know I had been wrong before.

只有當(dāng)我開始了解他的時(shí)候，我才知道我之前一直都錯(cuò)了。

部分倒裝

not only…, but also…(前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝)

[例句]

Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.

我們學(xué)生不僅要學(xué)習(xí)好，還應(yīng)該知道在課余時(shí)間怎樣享受生活。

部分倒裝

neither... nor... 既不......也不......

[例句]

Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.

價(jià)格不能令人滿意，顏色也不太適合我。

部分倒裝

'only + 狀語(yǔ)'放在句首，句子半倒裝

[例句]

Only when the war was over did he return to work.

直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束他才回去工作。

Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.

只有改變生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。

[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝只在only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候使用，only引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候不用倒裝。例如：

Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用這種方法才能做出題目。

Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有這種方法才能幫你做出題目。

部分倒裝

so + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等 + 主語(yǔ) '……也……'(表示肯定意思)

[例句]

In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.

近20年來。我們的社會(huì)發(fā)生了很大的變化，我們的飲食習(xí)慣也變了。

[注意1] 'so + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞' 表示肯定已有的觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)

I promised to help him, and so I did.(我確實(shí)幫助他了)

[注意2] '主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞 + so' 表示按照別人的要求去做。

The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.

醫(yī)生讓查理深呼吸，他照做了。

so it is with somebody = it's the same with somebody前者怎么樣，后者也怎么樣

[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞難以選擇時(shí)，用此句型。

[例句]

John likes English but he doesn't like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me).

約翰喜歡英語(yǔ)但不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)，我也是這樣。

Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me(so it is the same with me).

湯姆是個(gè)學(xué)生，他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)很努力，我也是這樣。

(從句)If + were/did(動(dòng)詞的過去式)，(主句)主語(yǔ) + would/might/should/could + do(表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè))

[例句]

If I were you, I would not be so proud.

如果我是你，我不會(huì)如此自負(fù)。

If I were in your position, I would think better of it.

如果我處在你的位置，我會(huì)好好考慮它。

(從句)If + had done, (主句)主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示對(duì)過去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設(shè))

[例句]

What a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.

真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會(huì)。如果你去了，就能見到那位著名歌手。

(從句)If + were/did(動(dòng)詞過去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could + do(表示對(duì)將來的假設(shè))

[例句]

If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn't matter at all.

萬一他拒絕了，那也沒關(guān)系。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的倒裝

在虛擬條件句中，如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構(gòu)成虛擬倒裝句。

[例句]

Should he act like that again, he would be fined.

如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。

Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved.

昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時(shí)到達(dá)，小孩就會(huì)得救。

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

如果有一天我到了月球，我就能親眼看到它了。

if only引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于 'How I wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句'，意思是'但愿……;要是……就好了'

[例句]

If only he could come!

他要是能來就好了!

If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam!

我當(dāng)時(shí)沒有那么粗心就好了!

if it were not for… (= were it not for…)

if it hadn't been for… (= had it not been for…)'要不是因?yàn)橛小?如果不是……'

[例句]

If it hadn't been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved.

要不是船長(zhǎng)一直堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，船上的旅客就不會(huì)得救。

If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life.

要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會(huì)如此安逸。

'but for + 名詞'和'but that +從句'，意思是'倘若不是;要不是'，接虛擬語(yǔ)氣

[例句]

But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)

如果沒有空氣和水，什么東西都難以生存。

But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

= (If it hadn't been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.)

如果不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們?cè)缇偷搅恕?/p>

在動(dòng)詞insist(1堅(jiān)持做某事)，order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

基本句型：主語(yǔ)+ (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。

另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。

[例句]

Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o'clock.

媽媽堅(jiān)持湯姆九點(diǎn)上床睡覺。

That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.

他們強(qiáng)烈要求增加工資。

It's strange(that) … (should) do表示'竟然'

[例句]

It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。

句型40

It's important/necessary (that) ... (shoud) do表示'...重要/有必要。'

[例句]

It's important (that) ... you (shoud) keep up with other students in your class.

跟上你們班其他同學(xué)很重要。