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英語構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應(yīng)用
語法要點：1.各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化 2.運用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測語境中詞的語義
3.通過理解和掌握構(gòu)詞法擴(kuò)大詞匯量
考情分析：
1. We drank together and talked
_____
(merry) till far into the night.( 07
高考)
2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their
(nature)
course.( 08 高考)
3.But Jane knew from past experience that her
__
(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)
4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked
his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)
考點精講：
Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles
change.
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles
you.
They watched the train until it disappeared in the
distance.
英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種方法：
1.合成(Compounding):由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞
eg. house( 房子)+ wife(
妻子)----housewife(家庭主婦)
2.轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion):由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類:
eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)澆水
3.派生(Derivation):
通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個詞:
eg. happy---- unhappy
加前綴一般不改變原詞的
，只改變其
。
happy---- happiness
加后綴改變了原詞的
一、合成法：
…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with
problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things
from the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean?
A.商店里的小偷
B. 商店里的推銷員
C.商店里的老客戶
D.商店里的搬運工
注意：___________________________________________________________
請你猜一猜下列劃線的詞的詞義。
1.For them, playing well and winning are often
life-and-death affairs.
2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a
teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student
down-to-earth.
3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of
those terrible endless years.
二、轉(zhuǎn)化法：
He is a man with broad shoulders.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any
time.
Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his
money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）
觸類旁通：feed
cause use
fly native
major mail
empty cheat
free
三、派生法（重點）：
（一）前綴
1. 否定前綴：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un-
non-
請為下列單詞找出適當(dāng)?shù)姆穸ㄇ熬Y：
balance
concern
active
patient
possible
understand
legal lucky polite
regular
agree
use
honest
advantage
stop smoker
fair
2. 請找出下列單詞的前綴，并討論前綴所含意義：
retell
repay
antiaircraft
oversleep
overlook
superman coeducation
subway
subtitle international
interview enlarge
transport
歸納:
_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
鞏固練習(xí)：
1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line
because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a
12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.
What does the word “mispresent ” mean?
A.Making a wrong judgment about
B.Understanding somebody wrongly
C.Giving a wrong description of
D.Forming a wrong opinion about
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone
when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up
the nonrecyclables.
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be
transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to
a new brain…
(二）后綴
1. 常見的名詞后綴
A: 表示人的后綴：____________________________________
B: 其它常見的后綴：__________________________________
技巧點撥：
動詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接
或動名詞,如果所給單詞是其它詞類,就要將其改為
,并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。動詞，名詞，形容詞時都有可能會考否定形式，一定要根據(jù)語境來判斷。
(1)His
(careful)
resulted in the terrible accident
(2)He was one of the
(visit)
who thought highly of Tom, their guide.
2.常見的形容詞后綴
- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less
–ly;-ous表示具有…的性質(zhì), 或與…有關(guān)
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible,
foolish, native, rainy,
careless，careful
3.常見的副詞后綴:
- ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 :
westwards
技巧點撥：
動詞前后、形容詞前后可有
，這時，如果所給詞為形容詞，則需將其變?yōu)楦痹~。如果所給詞為名詞或動詞，可先將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~，再加后綴-ly。另外，在答題時還要考慮副詞級的變化。名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語,連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。如果所需詞為形容詞時,還要考慮形容詞級的變化。如：
(1)The little girl is
(extreme）eager
to know the result of the exam.
(2)What，s the
(length)river
in the world?
(3)The
(strength)we
become, the more modest we should be.
4.
動詞后綴:
-fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成為)
; –en(使…）
寫出下列單詞的動詞形式:beauty modern
deep
rich
real quick
技巧點撥：
動詞是句子的靈魂，在確定語法填空的答案時，要考慮句子中是否有謂語動詞，如果
謂語動詞，需將所給詞通過加前綴或后綴變成動詞。
兩個en含有使動用法: en -
（enrich) -en (widen)
易錯點
1.Nowadays most aircraft fly highly.
2. They can watch lively broadcast ball games at
home.
3."We really did very well,"cried the fairy, in a pleasing
voice,"for I found little unhappiness among the children this
morning."
強化訓(xùn)練
1.In
a word, to save time is _________(long) life. to
lengthen
2.Before the trip I
thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true) rich.
3.The race gave a great deal of
________(please).(惠一調(diào))
4.
It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to
be in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二調(diào))
5..and viruses, so
I’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person)
information.(惠三調(diào))
6.With this the boy
got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on
their
comfortable sofa, totally
_________ (speech).(廣一模)
7.
Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show
my
(appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (廣州二模)
8..
…
(fortunate),
I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest.
(09廣州二模)
9..
Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew
a
bit_________
(patience). （深一模）
10..
“Thirty-five cents,” she
said
(rude). （09深一模）
11..
I must know how to care for others and try not to
(understand)
them. 12. …you have done well and made great achievement in
the
(entertain) field.
(惠一模)
13.
These people have made great __________
(contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）
14.．The storm
damaged several_________ (new)
built buildings,…(梅州二模)
15.．Numerous
studies have shown that free play is very
(benefit).
It can help children become creative…(四校聯(lián)考)
16.…. they can see
plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the
latest _______ (excite) football match.
（東莞一模）
解題心得小結(jié)：介詞，冠詞，所有格后接_____；形容詞修飾_____；副詞修飾____________________
熟悉四會單詞的意義、拼寫和詞性
注意
1.在做語法填空時，一定要善于根據(jù)上下文分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子成分，平時要多積累相關(guān)的單詞，熟悉其詞性，并利用好構(gòu)詞法等技巧。
2.最后，要檢查一遍，大小寫問題，單復(fù)數(shù)問題，字母是否缺漏，單詞是否要雙寫（e.g.
runner）不斷地通過分析句子來檢驗自己的答案。
3.平時注重培養(yǎng)：閱讀、理解語篇的能力； 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力； 熟練運用語法的能力。
實戰(zhàn)演習(xí)
(1)
I
hated(1)__________(wait) for
her for hours
without(2)______(know) when on earth she would come. On
her(3)__________(arrive),she would always hugged me, promising
never to be late again. I used to stare at her
in(4)__________(angry),telling her frankly that her(5) __________
(arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to end
our(6)__________ (relate).However, she never seemed to
be(7)__________ (angrily).She told me that she always thought of me
as one of her best(8)__________ (friendly)and if I left her, that
would be a severe(9)_________(punish)to her. Finally we reached
an(10)_________(agree)that we would still be good friends, but she
mustn，t be late again.
(2)
Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at
her 1
(pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the
factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water
directly into the river,making the water
2 (suit)to drink.Ann thought it was her duty
to 3 (close)the matter
and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it
was 4 (responsible) for
the factory to do so.Jack thought it was
5 (proper)and
6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in
public without telling them in advance.
However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near
the factory to drink 7
(pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the
river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one
day.
(3)
It was a(1)_________(snow)winter Sunday. Jane sat in her (2)
_________ (gloom) room, staring at the telephone
(3)________ (sad), waiting(4)_______ (eager)for a phonecall her
uncle pomised her if he could manage to find her a job. It was
almost 11 o，clock, but the phone still
remained(5)__________(silence).She once told herself that her uncle
could do nothing to help her and she thought she had
some(6)__________(predict)power about such kind of things. However,
she still felt it(7)__________(bear)when she assumed her prediction
came true, so she couldn，t help weeping. Just then, the
telephone rang. It was her uncle, telling her the manager of his
company agreed to give her a chance because he thought Jane was
a(8)__________(compete)girl to do the work well. Imagine how happy
Jane was at the good news.
（4）
After the engineer waited for two hours to have the plan(1)_______
(approve),he walked out of the mayor，s office into the
narrow street, thinking that the administrative
formalities must(2)_______ (simple)to make
things easier, the narrow
streets of the city should(3)__________(wide)
and another
theatre should
be built (4)_______ (rich)people，s
life after work. More money should be
spend(5)__________(industry)the city. Besides it was
important(6)_________(deep)and(7)________(wide) the river so that
there would be less flood. Just then, he smelt a delicious smell
out of a restaurant and he realized he hadn，t had
anything for ten hours. He then said to himself,“Why should I think
of all this？Am I the mayor？The most important thing I should do now
is to eat something.” He(8)__________(quick)his steps towards the
restaurant.
（5）
Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept
these(1)__________(fail)as a necessary part of the learning
process. But all too often(2)__________ parents and teachers we do
not allow our children to have the same right. We convey either by
words(3)__________ by actions that failure is something to be
ashamed of, and that nothing but top performance meets with
our(4)__________(approve).
When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of
Donnie. He was a shy, nervous perfectionist. His fear of
failure(5)__________(keep)him from classroom games that other
children played with joyous abandon. He seldom answered questions
for fear that he would be wrong. He seldom finished his work
because he repeatedly checked with me to be sure
he hadn，t made
a(6)__________(mistaken).I tried my best to build up his
self-confidence. And I repeatedly asked God
for(7)__________(direct).But nothing changed until
midterm,(8)__________ Mary Anne, a young student teacher, was
appointed to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she loved
children. Many students, Donnie(9)__________(include),adored her.
With her(10)__________(encourage),Donnie became
confident.
（6）
A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying
his 1 (month)bill when
his young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is your
birthday and you are 55 years old,Im going to give you 55
kisses,one for each year!” But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Peter,dont
do it now.Im too busy!”
The boy immediately fell
2 (silence)as tears rolled down from his big
blue eyes. 3
(apologize)the father said,“You can finish later.”
The boy said nothing but
4 (quiet)walked away,
5 (disappoint)written over his face.That
evening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Peter!” But
the boy didnt respond.
6 (fortunate),the boy had an accident and was
drowned.His heartbroken father wrote,“If only I could tell him how
much I regret my 7
(thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart
is aching.”
Love is a two-way street.Any loving act must
be 8 (warm)accepted or
it will be taken as 9
(reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more
10 (importance)than responding with love to
the cry for love from those who are near and precious to
us.
參考答案：
考情分析1. merrily 2.
natural 3.
choice
4.warmly
考點精講：合成法 轉(zhuǎn)化法
派生法 詞性 詞義
詞性
一.
A 1. 生死悠關(guān)的； 2.
實事求是的 做白日夢的
現(xiàn)實的 3.最精彩的部分
二.
名詞
動詞 遺愿
三. imbalance
unconcern inactive impatient impossible misunderstand illegal
unlucky impolite irregular
disagree misuse dishonest disadvantage nonsmoker nonstop
unfair
re-
再， anti- 反對，反抗 over-
太多的，在.....之上， super- 超級，過度 co- 共同Sub-
下，低位，在....下面
inter-相互的，
en-使， trans- 變
C 不可循環(huán)使用的東西
移植
1.表示人的后綴：-er
-or -ian -ist
-ese
其他常見的后綴：-ism
-ion -sion -tion -ment -ance -ence
3.(1)
carelessness (2) visitors
副詞（1）extremely
(2) longest (3) stronger
4.beautify
modernize
deepen enrich realize
quicken
沒有
易錯點
1.highly
改為high 2.
lively改為live
3.pleasing 改為pleased
強化訓(xùn)練
3. to
lengthen 2.
truly 3.pleasure 4.anger 5.personal 6.speechless
7.appreciation 8.Fortunately 9. impatient
10.rudely 11.misunderstand 12. entertainment 13.contributions
14.newly 15.beneficial 16.exciting
解題心得：名詞，名詞，動詞副詞形容詞或句子
實戰(zhàn)演習(xí)：
一：
(1)waiting
(2)knowing
(3)arrival
(4)anger
(5)arriving
(6)relation
(7)angry
(8)friends
(9)punishment
(10)agreement
二:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible
5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree
三:
(1)snowy
(2)gloomy
(3)sadly
(4)eagerly
(5)silent
(6)predictive
(7)unbearable
(8)competitive
四:
(1)approved
(2)be simplified (3)be
widened (4)to
enrich
(5)industrializing (6)to
deepen
(7)widen
(8)quickened
五：
(1)failures
(2)as
(3)or
(4)approval
(5)kept
(6)mistake
(7)direction
(8)when
(9)included
(10)encouragement
六:1.monthly2.silent3.Apologetically
4.quietly5.disappointment6.Unfortunately
7.thoughtless8.warmly9.rejection 10.important
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