初二年級(jí)（中）

【知識(shí)梳理】

I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1. give a concert

2. fall down

3. go on

4. at the end of

5. go back

6. in ahurry

7. write down

8. come out

9. all the year round

10. later on      

11. at times

12. ring sb. up

13. Happy New Year!

14. have a party

15. hold on

16. hear from

17. be ready

18. at the moment

19. take out 

20.the same as

21. turn over

22. get-together

23. put on

24. take a seat

25. wait for

26. get lost

27. just then

28. first of all

29. go wrong

30. make a noise

31. get on

32. get off

33. stand in line

34. at the head of

35. laugh at

36. throw about

37. in fact

38. at midnight

39. enjoy oneself

40. have a headache

41. have a cough

42. fall asleep

43. again and again

44. look over

45. take exercise

II. 重要句型

1. be good for sth.

2. I think …

3. I hope…

4. I love…

5. I don’t like…

6. I’m sure…

7. forget to do sth.

8. take a message for sb.

9. give sb. the message

10. help yourself to sth.

11. be famous for sth.

12. on one’s way to…

13. make one’s way to…

14. quarrel with sb.

15. agree with sb.

16. stop sb. from doing sth.

III. 交際用語(yǔ)

1.What’s the weather like today?

2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.

3.How cold it is today!

4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.

5.Shall we make a snowman?

6.Ok. Come on!

7.Happy New Year!

8.May I speak to Ann, please?？

9.Hold on, please.

10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.

11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.

12.Can I take a message for you?

13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.

14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.

15.I’m sorry to hear that.

16.Happy birthday!

17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?

18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.

19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.

20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.

21.So do we.

22.I'm happy you like it.

23.Which is the way to ..., please?
24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.
25.Go on until you reach ...
26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.
27.What's the matter?
28.It'll take you half an hour to ...
29.We'd better catch a bus.
30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is

31.You must be more careful!
32.You mustn't cross the road now.
33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.
34.Please stand in line.
35.You must wait for your turn.
36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very well.
38.My head hurts.
39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.

40.What's the trouble?
41.What's the matter with…?
42.She didn't feel like eating anything.
43.Nothing serious.
44.Have/get a pain in…
45.No problem.
46.Take this medicine three times a day.

IV. 重要語(yǔ)法

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)；

2. 反意疑問(wèn)句的用法；

3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)；

4. 感嘆句；

5. 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型；

6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may和must, have to的用法；

7. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

【名師講解】

1. above/ over/ on

這三個(gè)介詞都表示“在……之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：

There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書(shū)。

I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高舉過(guò)頭。

There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石橋。

2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.

forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實(shí)際上還沒(méi)做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過(guò)某事”，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做過(guò)了。試比較：

I forgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。

I forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。

類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。

3. hope/wish

hope和wish 在漢語(yǔ)中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下：

(1)wish可以用來(lái)表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望；hope只能用來(lái)表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：

I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。

I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來(lái)。

I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天氣不這麼冷。

I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能來(lái)。

(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope不可以。例如：

Do you wish me to come back later?  你是否希望我再來(lái)？

4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.

(1)be sure to do sth.可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必”，也可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你離開(kāi)時(shí)務(wù)必把門(mén)鎖好。

It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會(huì)喜歡的。

(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.  可用來(lái)表示“某人對(duì)某事有把握”。例如：

I’m sure of his success.我相信他會(huì)成功。

I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒(méi)有把握。

5. hear from/hear of

hear意思是“聽(tīng)到”，從哪里聽(tīng)到要用from來(lái)表示。例如：

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.

我聽(tīng)小吳說(shuō)，我們明天開(kāi)始軍訓(xùn)。

Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.

聽(tīng)錄音，并寫(xiě)出你從韓梅那里聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。

hear from還有一個(gè)意思是“收到某人的來(lái)信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：

I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.

上個(gè)月我受到了美國(guó)筆友的來(lái)信。

I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的來(lái)信。

hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句里。例如：

Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是誰(shuí)？我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。

I never heard of such a thing! 這樣的事我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。

6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.

It’s a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時(shí)的答語(yǔ)，意思是“那是我樂(lè)意做的”。例如：

---Thank you for helping me. 謝謝你地幫助。

---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂(lè)意做的。

---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感謝。 再見(jiàn)。

---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂(lè)意做的。再見(jiàn)。

類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”

    With pleasure也用作客氣的答語(yǔ)，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的場(chǎng)合。例如：

---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?

  請(qǐng)你把報(bào)紙遞給我好嗎？

---With pleasure.

  當(dāng)然可以。

7. seem/look

(1)二者都可以作“看起來(lái)”講，但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)；look著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由視覺(jué)得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：

He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起來(lái)很高興。
It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：

1)后跟不定式to do時(shí)。如：
He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。

2)在It seems that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。

8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)

(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“為…做準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)行為。如：

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做一切做你要我做的事。

I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備回答你可能問(wèn)的問(wèn)題。

He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)身去東京。

Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時(shí)刻作好準(zhǔn)備吧。

(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“樂(lè)于做某事”，即思想上總是有做某事的準(zhǔn)備。be not ready to do表示

“不輕易做某事”。如：

He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽(tīng)從別人。

9. at table/at the table

at table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：

The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃飯。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書(shū)。

10. reach, arrive/get to
    三者都有"到達(dá)"之意。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點(diǎn)，若跟副詞地點(diǎn)時(shí)，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：
  Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8點(diǎn)前到了動(dòng)物園。
  When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時(shí)到上海的？
  It was late when I got home. 我到家時(shí)天色已晚。

11. sick/ill
    二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的，患病“之意時(shí)，ill只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；而sick既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。sick有"嘔吐，惡心"的意思，只能作表語(yǔ)，而ill無(wú)此意。如：
   Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表語(yǔ))李磊上周生病了。
   He's a sick man. （作定語(yǔ)）他是病人。不能說(shuō)成：He's an ill man.
   My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表語(yǔ)）我祖父去年病了一個(gè)  

月。

12. in time/on time
  in time是"及時(shí)"的意思，on time是"準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)"。如：
I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕上汽車。
We'll finish our job on time. 我們要按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。

13. may be/maybe
    It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)部分，意思是"也許是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相當(dāng)于另一副詞perhaps。再如：
    Maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那只包里。（不能說(shuō)You maybe put it

in that bag.）
It may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。（不能說(shuō)It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）

14. noise/ voice/ sound
    noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說(shuō)話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能夠聽(tīng)到的聲音、鬧聲等。它是表示聲音之意的最普通的字。有時(shí)還用作科學(xué)上的聲音。例如：
    Don't make so much noise! 別那么大聲喧嘩！
    I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在電話里我聽(tīng)不出約翰的聲 

音。
He spoke in a low voice. 他低聲說(shuō)話。
We heard a strange sound. 我們聽(tīng)到了一種奇怪的聲音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)；

2. 反意疑問(wèn)句的用法；

3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)；

4. 感嘆句；

5. 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型；

6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may和must, have to的用法；

7. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句；

8. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；

9. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?

  ---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much homework.

  A. will have  B. had  C. won’t have  D. don’t have

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里通常用一般現(xiàn)在是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

2.You have been to Tibet, _________? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.

A.      have you  B. haven’t you  C. don’t you

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成。反意疑問(wèn)句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就應(yīng)該是否定的疑問(wèn)部分，而且要和前一部分保持時(shí)態(tài)上的一致。

3. ---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相撲手).

  ---Wow, ______________!

  A. How a fat man              B. What a fat man

  C. How fat man                D. What fat man

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是感嘆句的構(gòu)成。這個(gè)感嘆句省略了主謂部分，只保留了感嘆部分。如果以What開(kāi)頭，就應(yīng)該是What a fat man! 如果是How開(kāi)頭，就應(yīng)該是How fat!

4. ---Thanks for your help.

  ---__________________

  A. It doesn’t matter          B. Don’t thank me

  C. You’re welcome          D. That’s right

【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是日常交際用語(yǔ)?；卮饎e人的道謝通常用“That’s all right.”或”You’re welcome.”

【滿分演練】

一. 選擇填空

1. Don’t forget _________your book here tomorrow.

A. to take  B. to bring  C. taking  D. bringing

2. Mrs Brown went to the cinema, ______she?

A. didn’t  B. doesn’t  C. wasn’t  D. isn’t

3. It was half past four. Everything _______ready.

A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

4. ---Happy New Year!

---____________.

A. The same to you       B. I’m glad to hear that

C. I’m very happy        D. Thank you. It’s very kind of you.

5. I got up late yesterday. There _________no time to have breakfast.

A. has  B. had  C. was  D. is

6. Thank you for ______me to your party.

A. invite  B. inviting  C. to invite  D. invited

7. ---I’m sorry I took your pen by mistake yesterday.

---______________.

A. All right  B. That’s right  C. Right  D. That’s all right

8. ---Thank you for showing me the way!

---________________.

A. The same to you      B. It doesn’t matter

C. It’s a pleasure        D. That’s right

9. ---Could I use your computer for a moment?

---_____________.

A. Sure  B. Really  C. Right  D. It doesn’t matter

10. ---I just lost my bike.

---________________.

A. I wish you to buy a new one

B. You’d better buy a new one

C. I’m sorry to hear that

D. It’s always nice to ride a new one

二. 選擇能代替句中劃線部分的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)

1.What’s the matter with your mother?

A.problem  B. question  C. message  D. wrong

2.---Thank you very much.

---It’s a pleasure.

A. I’m very glad.          B. That’s right.

C. It doesn’t matter         D. Not at all

3.What is he doing at the moment?

A.now  B. a moment ago  C. late  D later on

4.Did you have a good time at the party?

A.stay long  B. sing and dance  C. enjoy yourself D. eat enough

5.---May I speak to John, please?

---Certainly.

A.Sure.  B. I think so.  C. I’d love to  D. That’s all right.

6.---Could I speak to Jim, please?

---Sorry，he isn’t in.

A.is at home  B. is not at work  C. is out  D. is free

7.There is nothing but an old table in the room.

A. many                 B. some

C. any                   D. only

8.What’s the weather like?

A. When    B. Where   C. why   D. How

9.Please let me look at your photo.

A.give me B. pass me C. bring me D. show me

10.Please ask him to ring me up when he comes back.

A. see  B. help  C. call  D. thank

三. 完形填空

       When I __1__ in London last year, it had one of the thickest fogs(霧) in years. You could __2____ see your hand in __3___ of your face. When evening fell, it became even __4___ . All traffic __5___ to a stop. I decided to walk.

       A few minutes __6___ , I couldn’t find my__7___ . Then I saw a young man and asked him to help me. He agreed. As I was following him __8__ the streets, he told me, “I know this part of London quite well. And the thick fog ___9__ to me. You see, I’m __10___ .”

1.A. is       B. was        C. am      D.  are

2. A. easily  B. hard       C. hardly  D. even

3. A. front   B. the front  C. back    D. the back

4. A. bad     B. worse      C. good    D. better

5.A. began    B. started    C. went    D came

6.A. late     B. later      C. early   D. earlier

7.A. road     B. way        C. street  D. home

8.A. along    B. in         C. through D. by

9.A. is not good            B. does good

C. is nothing             D. has something

10.A. strong  B. week       C. blind   D. clever

四. 閱讀理解

                               (A)

    John was a very famous pianist. When he was a small boy, he once played at a party at the home of a rich man. He was only eight years old. But he had played for several years. At the party he played a famous piece by Beethoven (貝多芬). He played wonderfully.

    The famous piece has in it several very long rests. In each of these rests he took his hands from the piano and waited. To him this was very exciting. But it seemed that the mother of the rich man thought differently. Finally during one of these rests she came over to him. She touched him on the head with a smile and said, “My boy, why

don’t you play us what you know well?”

    根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正誤：正確的答“A”，錯(cuò)誤的答“B”。

1.John once played the piano at a party when he was only a little boy.

2.John began to play the piano at the age of eight.

3.In each of the rests John took his hands from the piano because he felt tired.

4.The rich man’s mother did not think John played the piece well.

5.I n fact the mother of the rich man knew the piece well.

                              (B)

    One day, we had an English class. The teacher saw a boy reading a picture book and said, “Tom, what do you usually do after lunch?” Tom nervously(緊張地)got up from his seat, but he did not know what to answer. He thought for some time and then said, “Wait for supper.”

    The teacher was displeased and just at that moment, he saw another boy asleep. The teacher was getting a little angry now, but he was trying not to show it. Then he asked, “And you, Joke?”

    As Joke was asleep, of course, he could not hear what the teacher had said. His deskmate(同桌) woke him up. Joke stood up quickly and answered in a loud voice, “So do I”.

1.This story happened____________.

A. in the teacher’s office             B. after lunch

C. in class                         D. a home

2.Tom’s answer made the teacher __________.

A. angry  B. displeased   C. surprising  D. laughing

3.The teacher asked Joke ________.

A.what he wanted to do after class

B.what he did in class

C.the same question as he asked Tom

D.to help Tom

4.Joke’s answer meant that_______.

A.he knew what to do and what not to do after lunch

B.he did the same thing as Tom did

C.he read a picture-book

D.he did many things after lunch

5.From the above story we can see that ________.

A. Joke did not know what question the teacher had asked

B.Tom did well in his lessons

C.Joke was good at his lessons

D.Tom and Joke worked hard at their lessons

                             (C)

    Mrs Black, the wife of a rich business man, invited some of her friends to have

lunch. She wanted to try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with

herself when the dish was ready. As the dish was very hot, she put it near the open

window to cool for a few minutes. But, five minutes later, when she came back for it,

she was shocked(震驚)to find the neighbour’s cat at the dish. She was in time to stop

the car. That afternoon was successful and everyone enjoyed the dish very much.

They talked and laughed till four o’clock.

    At the end of the afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs Black felt tired and

happy. She was in a chair just near the window. She looked out of the window and

shocked to see the neighbour’s cat dead in her garden. Why, the fish dish must be bad!

What would happen to her friends? She at once telephoned the family doctor for

advice. The doctor told her to telephone each of the visitors to meet him at the

hospital as soon as he could. Finally the danger was over. Once again Mrs Black was

alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the

telephone rang. It was her neighbour. “Oh, Mrs Black,” her neighbour cried, “My cat

is dead. She was killed by someone in a car and put it in your garden.”

1.Mrs Black invited _______to lunch.

A. Mr Black’s friends                   B. her neighbour

C. her parents                          D. some of her friends

2.Why was Mrs Black not happy after she had a good party?

A.She was sad about the dead cat.

B.She found her fish dish was bad.

C.She never thought that she would have so much trouble.

D.She felt tired after she had a busy day.

3.Mrs Black________________________.

A.stopped the cat before it began to eat the fish

B.was too late to stop the cat in time

C.stopped the cat before it ate the fish up

D.stopped the cat but it was too late

4.Why was Mrs Black so shocked to see the cat dead in her garden?

A.She liked the cat very much.

B.She worried about her friends.

C.She was sure that her fish was bad.

D.She didn’t know how the cat died.

5.Finally________________.

A.Mrs Black found that all her friends were all right

B.a visitor told her that the cat was killed by someone in a car

C.Mrs Black felt happy as all her friends were safe

D.Mrs Black met all her friends at the hospital

五. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)句子的意思完成下列英語(yǔ)句子

1. 收音機(jī)里說(shuō)今天晚些時(shí)候雨會(huì)停的。

     The radio says the rain____ ____ ____ ____today.

2. 我不喜歡冬天，因?yàn)樘鞖馓淞恕?/span>

I don’t like winter, _____it’s ____ _____.

3. 西安位于中國(guó)的西北部。

Xi’an is ______the ______of China.

4. 多好吃的面包?。?/span>

_____ _____  bread it is!

5. 明天白天溫度將保持在零度以上。

    The temperature will _____ ____ _____ in the daytime tomorrow.

六. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，使第二個(gè)句子和第一個(gè)句子的意思相近或相同

1.What a hot day today!

    _____ _____ it is today!

  2. Most of North and South China will have a cold wet day .

    ____ will be cold and wet _____ most of North and South China.

  3. The radio says it will be cloudy sometimes.

    The radio says it will be cloudy ____ ____.

4. The snow will be heavy in some places.

    It _____ _____ _____ in some places.

5. Shall we go out for a walk?

    _____ _____ going out for a walk?