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第六節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞 【名師導(dǎo)讀】 第一步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握情態(tài)動詞后面必須跟動詞原形，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化的特點。理解常見情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。 情態(tài)動詞是用來表示說話人的語氣和態(tài)度，如請求、命令、勸告、建議、禁止、猜測、義務(wù)等。它們本身有一定的詞義，但在句中不能單獨作謂語，后面必須跟一個動詞原形才能作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，部分情態(tài)動詞有時態(tài)的變化。情態(tài)動詞像助動詞一樣，能幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成否定形式和疑問形式。 【考點一】 can, may, must, have to
【說明】 （1）can表示能力，意為“能，會”之意，其過去時為could表示“過去能”。另外，can還可以表示請求和允許，意為“可以”，這時候與may意思一樣，可以互換。如果要表示更禮貌的的請求，通常用could來表示，這時候它的回答應(yīng)用can來回答。 （2）may一般表示許可，意為“可以，允許”之意，may引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的否定回答通常用can’t或mustn’t來回答。 （3）must作“必須”“應(yīng)該”解，表示必要性；mustn’t則表示“不應(yīng)該，不許，禁止”之意?；卮?/SPAN>Must …?引出的問句時，肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to. 另外，“must have +過去分詞”表示“想必”之意，是對過去事情的推測。 （4）have to 與must含義相近，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to強調(diào)客觀上需要做的事情，而must則強調(diào)主觀上需要做的事情。have to有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，而must沒有變化。have to變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵蓡柧鋾r要通過助動詞do, does, did來變化。 （5）should表示“應(yīng)該”之意，否定形式為shouldn’t，表示“不應(yīng)該”，should的同義詞為ought to和be supposed to. 【典型例題】 (1) --Can you dance? --Yes, I can. /No, I can’t. (2) That can’t be Li Hong. He has gone to Hainan. 那不可能是李紅，他去海南了。 (3) The book must belong to Lucy. 這書肯定是露西的。 (4) --May I borrow your pen, please? 我可以借你的鋼筆嗎？ --Yes, you may. /No, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以。/不可以。 (5) --I can’t find my pen.我找不到我的鋼筆。 --It may be in your pencil-box. 可能在你的文具盒里。 (6) --Must I finish my homework now? 我必須現(xiàn)在完成作業(yè)嗎？ --Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 是的。/不必。 【考點二】 need用法巧學(xué)巧記
【說明】 （1）need to do sth. (主語是人，表主動含義) need doing sth.（主語是物，表被動含義） （2）need作為情態(tài)動詞用時，只用于疑問句和否定句，后面直接跟動詞原形，這時沒有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。 （3）Need I …?的肯定回答為：Yes, you must. 否定回答為：No, you needn’t. 【典型例題】 (1) They need to climb up the trees with ladders. 他們需用梯子爬那些樹。 They don’t need to climb up the trees with ladders. 他們不需用梯子爬那些樹。 They needn’t climb up the trees with ladders. (2) The bike needs repairing. =The bike needs to be repaired. 自行車需要修了。 【考點三】 had better的用法
【說明】 had better (not) do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 【典型例題】 (1) You’d better not swim in the river. It’s very dangerous.你最好不要在河里游泳，很危險。 (2) Today is very hot. You’d better take off your coat. 今天很熱，你最好脫下你的外衣。 【考點四】 used to的用法
【說明】 （1）used to表示“過去常常做某事”，后跟動詞原形，沒有人稱的變化。 （2）used to 的疑問式有兩種：在句首加Did，然后把used還原成use；也可以直接把used提前即可。 （3）used to的否定式也有兩種：把used to變?yōu)?/SPAN>didn’t use to或usedn’t to即可。 （4）be/get used to 表示“習(xí)慣做某事”，后跟名詞或V-ing形式。 【典型例題】 (1) used to 的肯定、否定和疑問式 肯定式：He used to get up early. 否定式：He didn’t use to get up early. / He usedn’t to get up early. 疑問式：Did he use to get up early? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. 或：Used he to get up early? Yes, he used (to). /No, he usedn’t (to). (2) He used to get up early, but now he is used to getting up late. 他過去常常早起，但現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣晚起。 (3) Jim used to be short, but now he is tall. 吉姆過去矮，但現(xiàn)在高了。 【考點五】must, may/might, can’t表示“猜測”時的區(qū)別 must: 表示“肯定”的猜測。 may/might: 表示“可能”，不一定。 can’t: 表示“不可能”。 【典型例題】 1. --The person must be Jim. He always wears a white T-shirt. --It can’t be him. He has gone to London. 2. --What would you send to your sister as her birthday present? --I haven’t decided yet. I may send her a skirt. 【基礎(chǔ)鞏固 課堂練習(xí)】 第二步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能用所學(xué)基本知識解決以下問題。 I. 用can, can’t, may, must, mustn’t, needn’t, couldn’t填空。 1. --_____ we finish the exercises today? --No, you ______. You ___ finish them tomorrow. 2. The little girl _____ draw at the age of four, but now she ____ draw very well. 3. –How about seeing a film tonight? --I’m afraid I _____. I ____ finish my homework first. 4. I’m sure you can pass the exam. You ____ worry. 5. --_____ I ask you some questions? --Of course, you ______. 6. --____ I leave now? --No, you ____. You ____ leave when I come back. II．選擇題。 ( ) 7. You ____ be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest. A. must B. need C. can’t D. needn’t ( ) 8. –What are you going to do this Saturday? --I’m not sure. I ____ go shopping. A. must B. may C. can D. can’t ( ) 9. –Look at the boy on the playground. It ____ be Sam. --No, it ____ be him. He has gone to England. A. must, can’t B. may, can C. must, mustn’t D. can’t, can’t ( ) 10. –What will the weather be like tomorrow? --It ___ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? A. must B. might C. shall D. should ( ) 11. –Could I go to the movie, Mum? --Of course you ____. But you ____ come back before ten o’clock. A. could, must B. can, must C. could, may D. can, can ( ) 12. --____ I use your ruler, please? --Sure. Here you are. A. May B. Would C. Need D. Must ( ) 13. We ____ stop our cars when the traffic light turns red. A. may B. can C. could D. must ( ) 14. –Who is the girl over there? --Well, if you ____ know, her name is Sally. A. must B. may C. can D. shall ( ) 15. –Must we water the flowers today? --No, you _____. You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. need D. don’t have to ( ) 16. –Can your friend play the violin? --Yes, she ______. But she can’t play it well. A. must B. can C. could D. should ( ) 17. You have already tried your best, so you _____ worry about the matter. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. can’t ( ) 18. –I can’t stop playing computer games. --For your health, I’m afraid you ____. A. can B. may C. have to D. must ( ) 19. Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We _____ stay in our classroom. A. should B. must C. had to D. could ( ) 20. –You must come to the meeting on time. -- I _____. A. must B. have to C. will D. should ( ) 21. –May I go surfing alone this afternoon? --No, you _____. It’s too dangerous. A. may not B. needn’t C. don’t D. can’t ( ) 22. –What are you going to have for supper? --I _____ have dumplings. A. must B. need C. can D. may ( ) 23. --_____ we go now, Mike? --Sure. Let’s go. A. Will B. Shall C. May D. Must ( ) 24. You _____ to school tomorrow if you go to hospital. A. don’t need come B. won’t need come C. needn’t to come D. don’t need to come ( ) 25. It ____ be very difficult to learn English well, isn’t it? A. must B. should C. need D. has to ( ) 26. He ____ be a teacher, but now he is a doctor. A. used to B. use to C. was used to D. is used to ( ) 27. Tom, you _____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t ( ) 28. It’s raining hard. You _____ go out. A. had better not B. had better not to C. hadn’t better D. had better to not ( ) 29. You ____ go and ask Lily, she ____ know the answer. A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may ( ) 30. Let’s move the bags away, or there ____ an accident. A. maybe B. may have C. may be D. will have ( ) 31. This kind of car ___ run very fast. It’s new. A. can B. is able to C. could D. has to ( ) 32. –Need I go home now? --______. A. Yes, you need B. Yes, you must C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you may not. ( ) 33. –Miss Wang, we must hand in our homework today, needn’t we ? --No, you _____. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t III．句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 34. You’d better go out with an umbrella. (改否定句) You ____ ____ ____ go out with an umbrella. 35. He used to play basketball. (改一般疑問句并回答) ____ he _____ ____ play basketball? Yes, he _____. /No, he ______. 36. We have to put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. (改否定句) We ______ _____ to put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 37. He could swim when he was ten. (同義句) He ____ ____ _____ swim ____ ____ ____ ____ ten. 38. You should pass something to old people with your both hands. (同義句) You _____ ______ _____ pass something to old people with your both hands. 39. You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. (祈使句) _______ _______ loudly in the library. 40. I can tell you something about the art of dressing. (一般疑問句) _____ ______ tell me _____ about the art of dressing? 【質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制 考試滿分過關(guān)】 以上40小題中，做錯的題目有： ____________________________________； 解決日期是：________________________； 解決途徑：__________________________； 感謝恩人：__________________________. 【全面冥想 縱橫聯(lián)系 睡前練習(xí) 終生記憶】 第三步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：重點知識再現(xiàn)，加深印象 1. 閉上眼睛，花2分鐘回憶常見的情態(tài)動詞有哪些？它們有什么特點？如何變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧洌?/SPAN> 2．回憶need, had better, used to的用法，must, may, can’t的區(qū)別。 【鏈接中考 輕松備考】 第四步學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能用所學(xué)知識解決2011年中考題。 ( ) 1. -- Can you ride a horse? -- No. I _ ___ . 【2011北京】 A. needn't B. may not C. can't D. mustn't ( ) 2. You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. 【2011上海】 A. may B. need C. should D. ought to ( ) 3.--______ I borrow your history book? --Sure. Here you are. 【2011江蘇淮安】 A. Must B. May C. Need D. Will ( ) 4. --Could I use your eraser for a while? --Yes, of course you _____.【2011寧夏】 A. could B. can C. will D. Should ( ) 5.--Can I skate on the lake now? -- No, you ____. It’s dangerous. 【2011山東】 A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t ( ) 6. --Whose notebook is this? --It _____ be Ning’s. It has her name on it.【2011湖南張家界】 A. can B. must C. might ( ) 7. --Must I finish my math exercises after scool? --No, you ____. 【2011湖南益陽】 A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t ( ) 8. --Be quiet, Mr. Smith is coming. --Don’t worry. It ____ be him. Mr. Smith is much taller. 【2011四川廣元】 A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t ( ) 9. It rained heavily, so we ____ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day. 【2011四川樂山】 A. could B. had to C. must |
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