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There be句型與練習(xí)
There be表示“存在, 有”。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無(wú)詞義;be為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,后面跟的名詞,實(shí)際上就是主語(yǔ)。是倒裝句型。
一、 注意事項(xiàng)：
1. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be 是可以運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)的。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有個(gè)會(huì)議。
There was a knock at the door.有人敲門(mén)。
There has been a girl waiting for you.有個(gè)女孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。
2. 動(dòng)詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語(yǔ)一致。并且要根據(jù)就近原則來(lái)變換be 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書(shū)。 There is a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits.
在拐角處有家商店,你可以在那里買(mǎi)水果。
— How many birds are there in the tree? — There is only one bird in the tree./ None.
How many people are there in the city? 這個(gè)城市里有多少人口?
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 課桌上有一個(gè)鋼筆和兩本書(shū)。
There are two books and a pen on the desk. 課桌上有兩本書(shū)和一個(gè)鋼筆。
There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。
3. 在there be引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)，用不定式主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式均可。
There is no time to lose (= to be lost).時(shí)間緊迫。
There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不見(jiàn)有什么。
There is nothing to do (=to be done) 無(wú)事可做。
二、 結(jié)構(gòu)變形：
1. 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中還可把be換成其他系動(dòng)詞。如：
There used/ seem (s/ed) /appear / happen(s)…to be (曾經(jīng)有/ 好像有/ 碰巧有…)
There seemed to be sth. wrong with my computer.
There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看來(lái)沒(méi)人愿意幫忙。
There used to be a building here. 過(guò)去這兒有一座樓房。
There used to be a small shop here. There used to be dinosaurs on the earth.
There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有個(gè)人在此經(jīng)過(guò)。
There happened to be a policeman there.
There doesn't seem to be much hope. 好象沒(méi)有太大的希望。
注意：變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，除be外，其他動(dòng)詞有借助do的不同形式來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句。構(gòu)成反義疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用there代替主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句。
There usedn’t to be a church here, used/ did there?
There appears to be no doubt as to his honest, doesn’t there? 對(duì)他的誠(chéng)實(shí)似乎不用懷疑。
2. 根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要, 還可以在There與 be之間加上各種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 如：can, may, must, should, will等,構(gòu)成:There will /may/must/can… be... 如: 1). There will be another bridge across the Yellow River with the quick development of the economy of China. 隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,黃河上將有另一座橋。 2). There must be some rules for the changes. 這些變化中一定有規(guī)律。 There must be something wrong. 一定有問(wèn)題。 There must be something wrong with my bike. 3). There has to someone to call the police. 必須得有人報(bào)警。 4). There may be some errors, but the composition, as a whole, is beyond praise. 這篇作文可能有些小錯(cuò)誤,但總的來(lái)說(shuō)是非常好的。 5). There should be some steps to prevent such accidents. 要防止這樣的事故,應(yīng)該采取一些措施。
6). There might be snow at night. 晚上可能有雪。
7). There might still be hope. 可能還有點(diǎn)希望。
8). There ought not to be so many people. 不應(yīng)該有這么多的人。
3. 在there be句型中的be還可以換成其他的動(dòng)詞與there連用，這些詞都是表示狀態(tài)的如：
live, lie, stand, exist, remain等或用來(lái)描寫(xiě)某事的發(fā)生或某人的到達(dá)讓come, appear，enter，follow，occur等。
There lived a rich man.這以前住著一個(gè)富翁。
There stands a tree at the top of the hill.
Then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲門(mén)。
Long, long ago, there lived a king.很久很久以前，有一個(gè)國(guó)王。
There followed a terrible noise.然后是傳來(lái)了可怕的聲音。
Suddenly there entered a strange man.突然進(jìn)來(lái)了一個(gè)奇怪的人。
三、 特殊的表達(dá)方式：
1. There is no sense in doing 做某事是沒(méi)有用的，沒(méi)有意義的
There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生氣是沒(méi)有用的。
There in no sense in going alone. 一個(gè)人去是沒(méi)有好處的。
2. There is no use /good doing 做某事是沒(méi)有用的，沒(méi)有好處的
There is no use trying to explain it.解釋是沒(méi)有必要的。
There is no good/use going there. 去那兒是沒(méi)有好處的。
3. There is no need (for sb) to do 沒(méi)有必要做某事，做某事是沒(méi)有必要的
There is no need to worry. 沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心。
There is no need to give him so much money. 根本沒(méi)有必要給他那么多的錢(qián)。
There is no need for you to get up early.
4. There is no point (in) doing sth… 做…是沒(méi)有意義的
There is no point in trying to persuade him; he will never change his mind.
5. There is no doing sth (= it is impossible to do sth)…（口語(yǔ)）不可能做…
There is no telling when he will be back.無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。
There is no telling what will happen next.下一步還不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢。 There is no knowing what he is doing. 無(wú)法知道他在做什么。 There is no knowing what may happen tomorrow. 誰(shuí)也不知道明天將發(fā)生什么。
6. There is thought/said/reported to be 人們認(rèn)為有/據(jù)說(shuō)有/據(jù)報(bào)道有
There is thought to be an army between in these two countries。
人們認(rèn)為在這兩國(guó)之間有一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer.
據(jù)報(bào)道，找到了一種更好的治療癌癥的方法。
7. There is no doubt that 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
There is no doubt that we did the right thing. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我們做得對(duì)。
8. There is a chance/possibility that 有可能…
There is a slight chance that he will be back in time. 他及時(shí)趕回來(lái)的可能性很小。
四、there be句式的非限定形式。
There be 的非限定形式有兩種，即there to be 和there being。其中there being是there be的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如：
There being nowhere to hide, the thief was caught by the students.
(there was/is nowhere to hide/ There nowhere to hide)
There be的非謂語(yǔ)形式可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
1. 作主語(yǔ)
作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)兩種都可以，一般是There being結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)句式中有for時(shí)，則要用there to be如：
There being a shop here is a great advantage. 這兒有個(gè)商店，真是方便極了。
There being a house with a garden is of great value. 擁有花園的房子是很有價(jià)值的。
It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。
It is uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.
老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問(wèn)題是很常見(jiàn)的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.
幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對(duì)女教師十分方便。
2. 作賓語(yǔ)
作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用there being結(jié)構(gòu)。
常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：expect, like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate等：
We expect there to be no argument.我們希望不會(huì)出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)吵。
People don't want there to be anther war.人們不希望再有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind. 我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere. 他們不愿意處處都要排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。
We have no objection to (介詞) there being a meeting here. 我們并不反對(duì)在這里開(kāi)會(huì)。
He never dreamed of there being a chance for him to be sent to China very soon.
他做夢(mèng)都沒(méi)有想到這么快自己就有機(jī)會(huì)被送到中國(guó)了。
作介詞的賓語(yǔ)一般用There being句式，但當(dāng)是for時(shí)一般用there to be句式。
This depended on there being a sudden change. 這需要有一個(gè)突然的改變。
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老師在等著大家都安靜下來(lái)。
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. (作賓語(yǔ))
3. 作狀語(yǔ)
用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用there being結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞for之后，應(yīng)用there to be。
There being no buses, we had to walk home. 由于沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē)，我們不得不走著回家。 There being no bus, we had to take a taxi. 因?yàn)闆](méi)有公共汽車(chē),我們只好乘出租車(chē)。 There being no milk, we went to the supermarket to buy some.
There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.
屋里沒(méi)人，我們意識(shí)到哭喊是沒(méi)有用的。
There being nothing else to do, we went home happily. 由于沒(méi)事可做，我們快樂(lè)地回家了。
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。(程度狀語(yǔ))
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself. 由于附近沒(méi)有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。
There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.
因?yàn)楹瞄L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因狀語(yǔ))
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.
注意：如果句中出現(xiàn)for時(shí)應(yīng)用there to be。
It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē)了。 It was unusual for there to be so few flowers in the park. 公園里只有這么一點(diǎn)花是不同尋常的。
4. there be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為there be，there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.這是到南京的最快一班車(chē)了。
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.
我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。 I. "There to be"的用法及意義: A. "There to be" 可以用作一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),我們通常稱之為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),其意義常表示對(duì)將來(lái)的一種意愿或希望,但目前還沒(méi)"存在"。例如: 1. Would you like there to be a hospital near your home? 你想在你家附近有家醫(yī)院?jiǎn)?/SPAN>? (事實(shí)上,目前還沒(méi)有醫(yī)院。劃線部分作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)) 2. We teachers don't want there to be any students staying in the classroom after school. 我們老師不希望有任何學(xué)生放學(xué)后留在教室里。 (實(shí)際上所有的學(xué)生放學(xué)后都離校) 3. She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我們之間有什么爭(zhēng)吵。(對(duì)將來(lái)的一種希望) B. There to be也可以用在句型 "It be + adj. for..."中。例如: 1. It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能再有機(jī)會(huì)。 2. It was too late for there to be any open shops. 時(shí)間太晚了,不會(huì)有營(yíng)業(yè)的商店了。 3. It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 給貧困的孩子建一所免費(fèi)學(xué)校太重要了。 II. "There being"的用法及意義: A. There being可以用作一個(gè)介詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),跟 "There to be"不同是:"There to be"往往表示目前"沒(méi)有存在"的事物;而"There being"則通常表示"已經(jīng)存在"的事情。請(qǐng)看: 1. The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中國(guó)人以在中國(guó)北部有個(gè)長(zhǎng)城而自豪。 2. No one told him about there being a meeting that afternoon. 沒(méi)人告訴他那天下午有個(gè)會(huì)。 3. You were wrong about there being some misunderstandings between us. 認(rèn)為我們之間有誤解,那你就錯(cuò)了。 B. There being還可以用作副詞,在語(yǔ)法上叫"獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)"。如: 1. There being nothing to do, we went home separately. 由于沒(méi)有什么事要做, 我們就各自回家了。 2. There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里沒(méi)有教師,學(xué)生們開(kāi)始自由交談。
練習(xí)：
1. ___ a reading lamp on the table.
A. There is B. There has C. It is D. It has
2. What a rainy summer we’ve had!
Yes, there______ only 3 sunny weekends the whole summer.
A. have been B. are C. had been D. has been
3. I didn't want _____ to be a war between these two countries.
A. it B. them C. there D. their
4. There is reported ______a number of the wounded on both sides.
A. to be B. being C. was D. will be
5. ______ no coffee left, they had to make do with tea.
A. It being B. There being C. It was D. There was
6. There is a little hope of ______ a settlement of the argument.
A. to be B. there to be C. there being D. being
7. I don't expect there ______ any misunderstanding.
A. is B. to be C. being D. will be
8. There are five pairs______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to choose B. to choose from C. to be chosen D. for my choosing
9. There is no use______ a lot without ______ anything.
A. to talk, do B. talked, doing C. talking, being done D. talking, doing
10. If the storm had happened in the day-time, there ______ many more deaths.
A. were B. would have been C. had been D. would be
11. Look! ______.
A. There comes the bus B. There the bus comes
C. The bus comes here D. There does the bus come
12. ______ Mary with a baby in here arms just when I was about to leave.
A. There enter B. There entered C. Entered there D. There entered into
13. There are a lot of people ______ for the bus to come.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. is waiting
14. The little girl is afraid to enter the house, because ______ a big dog at the gate.
A. lies there B. lays there C. there lies D. there lays
15. About twenty-three centuries ago, ______.
A. there lived in Greece a great thinker who called Aristotle
B. a great thinker lived in Greece calling Aristotle
C. lived there in Greece a great thinker called Aristotle
D. there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle
16. ______ plenty of water in this river.
A. There used to being B. There used to be
C. There is used to being D. There was used to be
17. What a pity, my new computer doesn't work. ______ must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
18. ______ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
A. It has B. There has C. It is D. There is
19. Let’s get through the work quickly. ______ seems to be little time left now.
A. It B. That C. There D. we
20. ______appeared to be a war between his heart and his mind.
A. There B. It C. Where D. What
答案：
1. A 2A 3C 4A 5B 6. C 7B 8B 9D 10B
11. A 12B 13A 14C 15D 16. B 17B 18D 19C 20A
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