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動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)易混知識(shí)點(diǎn)二

 MouseHappy 2012-01-11
Jim has gone to London with his family.
  吉姆已和他的家人去了倫敦。
  Have you been to Beijing before?
  你以前去過北京嗎?
  The Greens have been in China for two years.
  格林一家在中國已兩年了。
  Li Lei's aunt has been at this school for ten years.
  李雷的嬸嬸已在這個(gè)學(xué)校十年了。
  The Greens are in China now.,they have been here for half a  year.
  格林一家現(xiàn)在中國,他們?cè)谶@兒已半年了。
  例  - Hello! May I speak to your father?
  - Sorry,he_____ Hangzhou.
  A.has come to    B.has been to
  C.has been in     D.has gone to
  【解析】本題為打電話場(chǎng)景。句意為:父親不在,他去杭州了。表示"已去了某地"應(yīng)用have gone to,故選D。
  易混點(diǎn)五:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
  延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間,如:live,work,study,teach,stay等;非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),是在短時(shí)間里完成的,如borrow,come,arrive,get,leave,die等。
  1.用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
  延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:
  He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表示結(jié)果)
  I've known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表示經(jīng)歷)
  2.用于till/until從句的區(qū)別
  延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……";非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"直到……才……"。如:
  He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
  He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他直到10點(diǎn)才回來。
  3.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞的方法

 

  易混點(diǎn)六:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)
  1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。
  2.過去完成時(shí):動(dòng)作的發(fā)生在過去,結(jié)束也在過去。如:
  I haven't seen him since he left.(從離開到現(xiàn)在一直沒見到)
  I hadn't seen him since he left,but I saw him yesterday.(昨天見到了)
  例
  1 wonder why Jenny _____ us recently.We should have heard from her
  by now.
  A.hasn't written
  B.doesn't write
  C.won't write
  D.hadn't written
  【解析】該題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由從句中recently和by now兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語判斷,前一句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故答案為A。句意為:我想知道為什么詹妮最近沒有給我們寫信。到現(xiàn)在為止我們應(yīng)該收到她的來信了。答案為A。
  例2
  Helen _____ her keys in the o伍ce 80 she had to wait until her husband_____ home.
  A.has left,comes
  B.1eft,had come
  C.had left,came
  D.had left,would come
  【解析】本題中由于so引導(dǎo)的從句用了過去時(shí),故其前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí);so后的句子中又包含了一個(gè)由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,且從句動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,故用一般過去時(shí)表達(dá)過去將來的含義。答案為C。

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