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2011年全國(guó)各地市110份中考真題解析版匯編之句型轉(zhuǎn)換 【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】 句子改寫類 綜述 句型轉(zhuǎn)換試題是中考試題的重點(diǎn)題型。主要考查學(xué)生掌握句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本知識(shí)的程度、靈活運(yùn)用句型的能力和邏輯思惟的能力。從內(nèi)容上看，主要有陳述句的肯定與否定、四種疑問句、感嘆句、祈使句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，常見句型與詞匯之間的轉(zhuǎn)換等。 [題目1 ] 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 根據(jù)A句意思完成B句，使A、B兩句意思相同或相近。 1. She learned French by herself at the age of 20. She __________ _____________ French at the age of 20. 2. I didn’t go there for the outing with them because I was ill. My illness ___________me _____________ them in the outing. 3. No matter where I go, I will never forget my teacher and classmates. ______________ I go, I will always __________ my teachers and classmates 4. If you don’t study hard, you won’t catch up with other students. If you don’t study hard, you will ___________ ___________ other students. 5. She has made up her mind that she won’t do that again. She has ___________ __________ to do that again. 【預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)】研究2011年的各地中考試題我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義句轉(zhuǎn)換難度較大，考查的主要是對(duì)句型的活用以及同一個(gè)內(nèi)容多種形式表達(dá)的能力。根據(jù)這一原則，我們所押的第一個(gè)小題考查同義詞組teach oneself, learn by oneself。第二個(gè)小題主要是考察“因?yàn)槟撤N原因不能做某事”的不同表達(dá)方式。第3個(gè)小題則是考察同義詞組no matter where=wherever。第4個(gè)小題主要考查“不能趕上”的不同的表達(dá)方式。第5個(gè)小題主要考查“決心不去做某事”的不同的表達(dá)方式。2012 年的試題將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持考查句型的活用和同一內(nèi)容的不同表達(dá)方式。 【解題關(guān)鍵】 下面談?wù)勍x轉(zhuǎn)換的解題技巧。 ①同義詞的互換。這是同義句轉(zhuǎn)換中最簡(jiǎn)單的形式，希望大家可以熟練掌握課本中出現(xiàn)的同義詞。如：look after/take care of, arrive in (at)/get to/ reach, be out/ be not at home, enjoy oneself/have a good time, no hurry/take one’s time, teach oneself/learn by oneself等。 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能；改為與之對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者短語；用于“It is+一段時(shí)間＋since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。 ②意義相同或者相近的句型句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用意義相同或者相近的句型句式轉(zhuǎn)換，要注意他們之間的同義可換性。如：too…to可以轉(zhuǎn)換成so … that not, so that轉(zhuǎn)化為enough to等。 ③用派生詞或者詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法轉(zhuǎn)換。這時(shí)要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。 ④語態(tài)的變化：主動(dòng)句的賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，再把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)句中的主要成為介詞by的賓語或者省略。 ⑤ 簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。常見的有用不定式替換、介詞短語替換等。 ⑥ 合并分句法。If引導(dǎo)的條件句與“祈使句＋簡(jiǎn)單句”轉(zhuǎn)換； both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor等連詞合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。 ⑦比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間互換。在比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換中，常用not as（so）…as換成含有than的比較級(jí)句子； 比較級(jí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為最高級(jí)的句子。 【答案解析】1. taught herself teach oneself=learn by oneself 2. stopped/prevented, joining stop …(from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事 3. Wherever, remember 應(yīng)用反義詞組進(jìn)行互相轉(zhuǎn)換。never forget= remember 4. fall behind 應(yīng)用反義詞組進(jìn)行互相轉(zhuǎn)換。catch up with= fall behind 5. decided not 應(yīng)用同義詞組進(jìn)行互相轉(zhuǎn)換。make up one’s mind=decide [題目2 ] 1. Aunt Huang likes making home cooking. (否定句) Aunt Huang _______ _______ making home cooking. 2. John went to see his grandpa once a week. (就劃線部分提問) How ________ ________ John go to see his grandpa? 3. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years. (同義句) It’s more than ten years ______ Susan ______ to this city. 4. Ben’s read the text three times. (反意疑問句) Ben’s read the text three times, _________ _________? 5. You must take care of your things. (被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Your things must ________ _______ care of. 6. They are happy to see each other. (改為感嘆句) _______ ______ they are to see each other! 7. The exam begins at nine. (改為一般疑問句) ________ the exam _______ at nine? 8. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就劃線部分提問) ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon? 9. He had nothing for breakfast. (改為反意疑問句) He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______? 10. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑問句) She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______? 【預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)】依據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神，結(jié)合2011年各地的中考試題看，主觀性試題有增加的趨勢(shì)，預(yù)計(jì)2012年中考中主觀性試題還會(huì)有所增加。這類題目考查的范圍較廣，如陳述句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，?duì)劃線部分提問，感嘆句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換等等。在這些題目中，考查反意疑問句的概率較高，并特別注重考查一些特殊形式的反意疑問句。出現(xiàn)概率較高的還有陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧浜头穸ň洹Ｎ覀兯旱倪@組題目中，考查反意疑問句的有3個(gè)小題，對(duì)劃線部分提問2個(gè)小題，變?yōu)榉穸ň洹⒁话阋蓡柧?、同義句以及語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換各一個(gè)小題。 【答案解析】 1. doesn’t like 是第三人稱的否定句另加doesn’t，然后把動(dòng)詞還原為like，即去掉s。 2. how often; did 對(duì)頻率提問用how often，過去時(shí)態(tài)的一般疑問句另加助動(dòng)詞did，動(dòng)詞過去式還原為原形。 3. 這是完成時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成過去時(shí)的句型，結(jié)構(gòu)為It’s +時(shí)間since +一般過去時(shí)，注意此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞步能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)換為非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，答案是since, came。 4. 此題主要考查分解Ben’s為Ben is還是Ben has，它是完成時(shí)態(tài)，因此是has，前者為肯定，后者為否定hasn’t he。 5. 這是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞，答案是be taken。 6. How happy 7. Does; begin 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，疑問句中動(dòng)詞要使用原形。 8. What was; doing 9.had he 如果陳述部分有否定或者半否定詞never, hardly, seldom, neither, few, little, no, nobody, nothing等時(shí)，后面的附加問句部分用肯定形式。 10.does she [題目3 ] 1、I suppose that Jim dislikes fish, ________ ________?（反義疑問句） 2、There are 17,800,800 people in Australia. There are 28,100,100 people in The population in 3、The doctor has asked him not to smoke any more. He no smokes because the doctor has asked him not to.（同義句） 4、Why are you making this card?（同義句） _______ are you making this card _______? 5、He used the money to buy things for his lab.（同義句） _______ the money he _______ things for his lab. 6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改寫為否定句) Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things. 7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改為一般疑問句) ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday? 8. Our city is very beautiful. (改為感嘆句) _______ _______ our city is! 9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就劃線部分提問) _______ _______ has he worked in this school? 10. [預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù)] 依據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神，結(jié)合2011年各地的中考試題看，主觀性試題有增加的趨勢(shì)，預(yù)計(jì)2012年中考中主觀性試題還會(huì)有所增加。這類題目考查的范圍較廣，除了陳述句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，?duì)劃線部分提問，感嘆句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換常見的考試形式以外，還有簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換等。我們所押的這組題目中，考慮到這一考查形式，我們?cè)O(shè)置了2道有關(guān)簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句互相轉(zhuǎn)換的小題。我們認(rèn)為2012年的試題中，這種形式可能的題目可能增加。 【答案解析】 1、 doesn't he 2、 smaller than that 3、 longer應(yīng)用同義詞組進(jìn)行互相轉(zhuǎn)換。not any longer = no longer; no more =not any more 4、 What, for 5、With, bought 6、doesn’t like 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式是，變?yōu)榉穸ň洌丫渲械膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍?SPAN lang=EN-US> 7、Did return 句中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí)，在句首添加do的過去式形式，并把句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍?SPAN lang=EN-US> 8、How beautiful 9、How long 劃線部分在句中做時(shí)間狀語，對(duì)時(shí)間狀語提問使用how long。 10、not as; as 【解題關(guān)鍵】 1肯定句變否定句。側(cè)重于一些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)上：①等詞后接賓語從句，要把主句的動(dòng)詞變成否定句式以構(gòu)成否定句；②利用詞語的變化構(gòu)成否定句，如both變neither, everybody變nobody等；③在構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，部分詞也要做出相應(yīng)的變化，如some或者some-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，改為any或者含any-的復(fù)合不定代詞等。 2陳述句變反意疑問句。側(cè)重于一些特殊形式的考查：①陳述部分有否定或者半否定詞never, hardly, seldom, neither, few, little, no, nobody, nothing等時(shí)，后面的附加問句部分用肯定形式；②以Let’s開頭，附加問句部分用shall we?其他的否定句，常用will(won’t) you?③have表示“有”，否定問句部分用have或者do的否定形式；表示“不得不”(have to)，多用do的適當(dāng)形式；表示其它意義，后面常用do的適當(dāng)形式；充當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞，用have的適當(dāng)形式。 3陳述句變感嘆句：①由how引出，句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：How ＋形容詞（或副詞）＋主語＋謂語。這種感嘆句強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞。例如： How delicious they are！它們味道真美?、谟?SPAN lang=EN-US>what引出，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What（a ／an）＋形容詞＋名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）＋主語＋謂語。這種感嘆句強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞。例如： What an important meeting it is！多么重要的會(huì)呀！ What a long way it is from 4 對(duì)劃線部分提問，應(yīng)該找準(zhǔn)劃線部分充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑椭髡Z提問通常用who, what和which;就謂語部分提問用what; 就定語提問用whom或者which。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，確定不同的疑問詞。 臨陣技法 句型轉(zhuǎn)換的解題方法主要有替代法、合并法、轉(zhuǎn)換法及綜述法。替代法指用同義詞或者短語替代原句的某個(gè)部分；合并法即用連詞將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)全新的復(fù)合句或者簡(jiǎn)單句；轉(zhuǎn)換法即用不同大的句型改寫原句；綜述法即根據(jù)原句句意綜合分析，并進(jìn)行重新表述。 在解答句型轉(zhuǎn)換試題時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：1弄清題意，明確考點(diǎn)，了解試題的句子與答語之間的變化及關(guān)系。2多角度的、全方位的思惟，抓住重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn)，注意復(fù)查與驗(yàn)證，看答案是否復(fù)合題意、句式結(jié)構(gòu)和試題要求。 【真題薈萃】 （一）句式轉(zhuǎn)換 【2011重慶】V. 完成句子。（每空1分，共10分） 根據(jù)所給提示，完成句子。每空一詞，含縮略詞。 66. My classmates are going to skate in the afternoon.(改為否定句) My classmates_________ __________ to skate in the afternoon. 67. Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend.(改為反意疑問句) Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend，__________ _______? 68. Bruce has art lessons twice a week.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) ________ _________ does Bruce have are lessons? 70. 請(qǐng)等待我們的好消息。（完成譯句） Please ______ ______ our good news! 答案：66. aren’t going 變?yōu)榉穸ň?，?SPAN lang=EN-US>be 動(dòng)詞are,直接加not。 67. doesn’t he 考查反義疑問句的用法，前肯后否，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)并且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以用doesn’t。 68. How often 對(duì)頻率提問用How often. 70. wait for 考查固定短語 “wait for” 等待。 【2011山東臨沂】七、句形轉(zhuǎn)換（共6個(gè)小題，計(jì)6分） 77. ______ 78. There were some tigers in the mountains (改為否定句) There ______ ______ tigers in the mountains. 79. The twins are of medium height. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) ______ ______ the twins look like? 81. You should finish the work at the end of the week. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The work should ______ ______ at the end of the week. 77. Does, have 78. weren’t any 79. What do 81.be finished 【2011貴州安順】C. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。 11. They had an English party last Sunday. (改為否定句) They _____ ____ an English party last Sunday. 12. The reporter asked the girl, “Do you like your volunteer work on weekends?” (改為間接引語) The reporter asked the girl _____ she _____ her volunteer work on weekends. 13. The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. (改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句) The girl ____ ____ a flower in her hand is my sister. 14. Should I arrive on time or a little later if someone invites me to dinner? (改為同義句) Am I ____ ____ arrive on time or a little later if someone invites me to dinner? 15. The students will learn the group dance on the school playground. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) ______ _____ the students learn the group dance? 答案：11. didn't have 12. if; liked 13. who/that has/holds 14. supposed to15.Where will 【2011上?！?/SPAN>VII Rewrite the following sentences as required 65. We keep in touch with each other by email.(改為否定句) We _____ _____ in touch with each other by email. 66. Our school organizes an English speech contest once a year. (對(duì)話先部分提分) _____ _____ does your school organize an English speech contest? 67. The beach is a nice place for tourists.(改為感嘆句) _____ _____ nice place the beach is for tourists! 68. Are there any new markets in The sales manager wants to know _____ there _____ any new markets in 69. The university will invite many graduates to celebrate its 100th birthday. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Many graduates will _____ _____ by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday. 70. We shouldn't talk loudly in the theater. We shouldn't smoke there, either.(保持句意不變) We should _____ talk loudly _____ smoke in the theater. VII. 65. don’t keep 66. How often 67. What a 68. if, are 69. be invited 70. neither, nor 【2011重慶江津】根據(jù)所給的提示，完成句子，每空一詞，含縮略詞。 66. Dave sometimes helps in the house at the weekend.(改為一般疑問句) Dave sometimes in the house? 67. Many visitors will come to our city in July .(對(duì)劃線部分提問) many visitors come to our city? 68. Maria asked me to go to her birthday party yesterday.(改為否定句) Maria me to her birthday party yesterday. 66. Does help 67. When will 68. didn’t ask 【2011重慶】V. 完成句子。（每空1分，共10分） 根據(jù)所給提示，完成句子。每空一詞，含縮略詞。 66. My classmates are going to skate in the afternoon.(改為否定句) My classmates_________ __________ to skate in the afternoon. 67. Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend.(改為反意疑問句) Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend，__________ _______? 68. Bruce has art lessons twice a week.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) ________ _________ does Bruce have are lessons? 70. 請(qǐng)等待我們的好消息。（完成譯句） Please ______ ______ our good news! 答案：66. aren’t going 變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?SPAN lang=EN-US>be 動(dòng)詞are,直接加not。 67. doesn’t he 考查反義疑問句的用法，前肯后否，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)并且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以用doesn’t。 68. How often 對(duì)頻率提問用How often. 70. wait for 考查固定短語 “wait for” 等待。 【2011烏魯木齊】86.0ur city is beautiful.(改為感嘆句) ______ our city is! 86 How beautiful 【2011烏魯木齊】87 .There are two hundred famous companies in Xinjiang from 19 provinces.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) ______ _______famous companies in Xinjiang are there from 19 provinces? 87.How many 【2011烏魯木齊】90. She hardly knew how to solve this math problem.(完成反義疑問句) She hardly knew how to solve this math problem, _______ ________ ? 90. did she 【2011廣西百色】第二節(jié) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分。一空一詞，錯(cuò)填不給分） 74. The nurse does all the housework in my home every day.(改為一般疑問句) ________ the nurse __________ all the housework in your home every day? 75. We broke two teeth when playing football.(改為單數(shù)句) ________ broke a __________ when playing football. 76. Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road.(改為反意疑問句) Let’s go and help the old man to cross the road,_________ ____________? 77. Jane will learn a new dance in the gym.(就劃線部分提問) ___________ _________ Jane learn a new dance? 78.“Why do you stay at home?”my father asked.（把直接引語改為間接引語） My father asked ________ I _______ at home. 74. Does, do 75. I, tooth 76. shall we 77. Where will 78. why, stayed Ⅴ.完成句子。（每空1分，共10分） 【2011四川樂山】81. We will turn off the lights for an hour on Earth Day.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) ________ ________ we turn off the lights for an hour? 【2011四川樂山】83. “Will you please open the window?” she said to him. (將直接引語改為間接引語) She ________ him ________ open the window. 【2011四川樂山】85. The new high-speed Hangzhou-Shanghai line started running last year. It cost about 29 billion yuan. (合并為含定語從句的句子) The new high-speed Hangzhou-Shanghai line ________ ________ about 29 billion yuan started running last year. 答案：81. When will 83. asked; to 85. that/ which cost 【2011?蘭州】九、按要求完成句子 A）句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. By comparing with others, you will find your problems are not so terrible.（劃線部分提問） you find your problems are not so terrible? 答案：How will 2. It is interesting to send English messages to friends on a mobile phone.（改為感嘆句） interesting thing it is to send English messages to friends on a mobile phone!答案：What an 4. Being a volunteer is great.（改為反義疑問句） Being a volunteer is great, ? 答案：isn't it 5. The woman teacher asked the students “ Can you understand what I am saying?”（改為間接引語） The woman teacher asked the students could understand what she was saying. 答案：if/ whether they （二）同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 【2011重慶】 69. I spend half an hour doing morning exercises every day.(改為同義句) It _______ me half an hour to _______ morning exercises every day. 答案：69. takes; do 考查“花費(fèi)”的同義句，It takes sb some time to do sth花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間做某事，it 是形式主語，不定式做真正的主語。 【2011四川樂山】82. Shall we have a picnic at the weekend? (改為同義句) ________ ________ having a picnic at the weekend? 【2011四川樂山】84. They kept on talking until the teacher came in. (改為同義句) They didn’t ________ ________ until the teacher came in. 答案：82. What/ How about 84. stop talking 【2011?蘭州】3. It would be nice if we could get a room with a kitchen so we could cook our town meals.（改為同義句） It would be nice if we could get a room a kitchen so we could cook our own meals. 答案：which has 【2011山東臨沂】七、句形轉(zhuǎn)換（共6個(gè)小題，計(jì)6分） 80. Frank will come up with some ways to learn more English.(改為同義句)。 Frank will ______ ______ some ways to learn more English. 80.think up Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)要求完成下列句子（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分） 【2011烏魯木齊】88.1 am surprised to find great changes have taken place in China.(改為同義句) ______ my ______ ,I find great changes have taken place in 88.To, surprise 【2011烏魯木齊】89. My son is too young to join the army. (改為同義句) My son isn't _______ to join the army. 89. old enough 【2011連云港】六、完成句子（共6小題；每小題1分，滿分6分） 在橫線上填入所缺部分，使句子完整（注意：每空不止一個(gè)單詞）。 A. 同義句改寫 66. To plant trees every year is necessary for us. ________ for us to plant trees every year. 67. Paul left Paul ________ 66. It is necessary 67.has been away from 【2011重慶江津】69. Tommy usually walks to school every morning.(改為同義句) Tommy usually goes to school every morning. 69. on foot |
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