定語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要語法項目之一，在高考各個題型中都有可能會涉及。它的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，是高中階段英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個重點。

一、關(guān)系代詞用that，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.通常只用that的情況

當先行詞為all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, everything, none等時；或者當先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級和 all, any,  few, little, no,  the only, the very, the last 等詞修飾時，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用that；如果定語從句修飾兩個先行詞，其中一個指人，一個指物，那么定語從句的關(guān)系代詞也應(yīng)用that。

2.通常只用which的情況

當引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指物或指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容,或放在介詞后面指物時，只能用which。

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision. 

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二、who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如：anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all等，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who，作賓語時用whom/who。

2.在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指人且作主語時用who，作賓語時用whom/who。

3.在定語從句中可以作定語的關(guān)系代詞只有whose，表示物時相當于"the + 名詞 + of + which"或"of + which + the + 名詞"；表示人時相當于"the + 名詞 + of + whom"或"of +whom + the + 名詞"。

I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.

The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

三、where，when，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

where，when，why的意義相當于"介詞+ which"。具體而言，where 相當于 "in / at + which"，when相當于"at / in / during + which"，why相當于"for + which"。 

1.關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作地點狀語，定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示地點的名詞。

2.關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞。

3.關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示原因的名詞。

The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

四、"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

當關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時，就出現(xiàn)了"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句的現(xiàn)象。當先行詞指物時用"介詞+ which"， 指人時用 "介詞 + whom"，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.



五、the way后面的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

the way 作先行詞且其后定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語時引導(dǎo)詞用in which,that或者省略。

He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of importance to science. [JP]本句中的I think 是插入語，which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。辨別含有插入語的定語從句正確的方法是：去掉插入語后，原句的結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。常見的插入語有： I think（suppose, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell  the truth等。

速判關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

做題的關(guān)鍵是把先行詞放到從句中，看它在從句中所作的成分。  

1.把先行詞放到從句中后,如果不需要再添詞從句就是完整的，那先行詞就在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語（表所屬關(guān)系），此時應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose)。

2.把先行詞放到從句中后,如果需要添介詞才能使從句完整，那么先行詞在從句中作狀語，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where作地點狀語，when作時間狀語，why作原因狀語）。