Adjectives and Adverbs
形容詞、副詞基本用法：
形容詞的基本用法：
形容詞是用來修飾名詞或代詞的，在句中可用作定語、表語和賓語補足語等。
⑴ 用作前置定語，即放在名詞前修飾該名詞。例如：
China is a great country with a long history.
中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。
⑵ 用作后置定語。形容詞修飾不定代詞或形容詞短語修飾名詞時，需要后置。例如：
He has something important to tell you.
他有重要的事告訴你。
She is a girl good at singing.
她是一位擅長唱歌的女孩。
⑶ 用作表語。例如：
It was rainy yesterday, but today it is sunny.
昨天下雨，今天天晴。
Your mother seems angry.
你母親看上去生氣了。
The milk in the glass has gone bad. 玻璃杯里的牛奶發(fā)臭了。
有一些形容詞在句中只能用作表語，我們稱之為“表語形容詞”。初中英語中常見的表語形容詞有：afraid, alive, alone, asleep, glad, ill (生病的), ready, sorry, sure, unable, well (健康的)等.
The dog is asleep / sleeping.
那只狗正在睡覺。
Let sleeping dogs lie.
［諺語］不要驚動睡著的狗。
（寓意：不要惹是生非。）
The 100-year-old man is still alive.
那位百歲老人依然健在。
We didn’t see any living things over there.
我們在那里沒有看到活的東西。
⑷ 用作賓語補足語。例如：
The news made her happy.
那個消息使她很開心。
Who left the door open?
是誰沒把門關上？
名詞化的形容詞:
“the＋形容詞”具有名詞的功能，泛指一類人或抽象事物。用作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)?？梢赃@樣用的形容詞有：
blind, dead, old, poor, rich, young等。例如：
The young are the hope of the country.
年輕人是國家的希望。
形容詞的比較等級:
形容詞比較等級分為原級、比較級和最高級三種。比較級和最高級的構成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
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原級
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比較級
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最高級
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bad
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worse
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worst
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far
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farther
further
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farthest（指距離）
furthest（表示程度）
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good
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better
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best
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little
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less
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least
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many
much
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more
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most
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old
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older
elder
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oldest（強調年齡，指人物）
eldest（強調長幼，只指人）
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l 二、寫出下列形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級形式.
wet _______ wide _______ .
happy _______ cold _______ .
excellent ill _______ .
big _______ busy _______ . tired ___ exciting _______ .
small _______ little _______ .
well _______ hot _______ .
early _______ late .
dry _______ many _______
badly _______ boring _______
小結:
① 規(guī)則:單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)加-er,-est;多音節(jié)加more, most;
② ② 不規(guī)則:一“好” 一“壞”,一“多” 一“少”,一“老” 一“遠”.
比較等級的基本用法:
⑴ 原級用于兩者之間進行平級比較， 其結構是“A is as ~ as B.”，意思是“A和B一樣……”。
Mary is as tall as her sister.
瑪麗和她姐姐個子一樣高。
表示倍數(shù)用: A is 倍數(shù)+as ~ as B
The apple is twice as big as that one.
其否定式為“A is not as / so ~ as B.”，意思是“A不如B那樣……”。例如：
The room is not as big as that one.
=The room is smaller than that one.
It is not so warm today as yesterday.
= It is colder today than yesterday.
2）形容詞比較級前面可以用
much, a little，even, still, a lot 等修飾，表示比較的程度。
The earth is much bigger than the moon.
地球比月亮大得多。
The new model is a little faster than the old one.
新模型比舊模型速度稍快一點。
My shoes are dirty, but his are even dirtier.
我的鞋子很臟，可是他的鞋子還要臟。
(3)the ~er (of) 表示“（兩者中）
更……的一個”。例如：
Mike is the taller one of the two boys. 邁克是兩個男孩中個子較高的一個。
(4) more and more
表示“越來……越……”。
He has become busier and busier now.
他現(xiàn)在（變得）越來越忙了。
Computers are becoming more and more important in our work.
電腦在我們的工作中變得越來越重要。
It is raining more and more heavily now. 現(xiàn)在雨下得越來越大了
(5) the more… the more表示“越…… 就越……”。例如：
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高興。
The more I see it, the less I like it.
那樣東西我越看越不喜歡。
6)最高級用于三者或三者以上之間進
行比較并且其中一者程度最甚，其
結構是“A is the ~est of / in….”，
意思是“A在其中最……”。形容詞
最高級前要用定冠詞the。例如：
This building is the tallest in the
city.
這座大樓是全市最高的。
注意點
- 形容詞最高級前一定要用the，副詞最高級前可省略
- 在比較級中為了避免重復，在the后常用one，that，those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞
*This pen is shorter than that one.
*The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
3.用or連接兩項需作比較的內容時，須用比較級；若or連接三項或三項以上的內容時，則須用最高級
*Who is taller, Mary or Jane?
*Which is biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
7)掌握幾種同義句轉換
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in his class.
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest (student)in his class.
3.用or連接兩項需作比較的內容時，須用比較級；若or連接三項或三項以上的內容時，則須用最高級
*Who is taller, Mary or Jane?
*Which is biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
7)掌握幾種同義句轉換
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than the other students in his class.
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest (student)in his class.
3. I prefer maths to English.
=I like maths better than English.
4. The box is too heavy for him to carry.
= The box is so heavy that he can’t carry it.
= The box is not light enough for him to carry.
