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新大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試對(duì)考生們的聽力提出了更高的要求。對(duì)于聽力部分的準(zhǔn)備,同學(xué)們應(yīng)該在熟悉語音、語調(diào)并且掌握了一定量的單詞和一系列語法的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)自己的聽力薄弱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練和突破。而英語中小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法和讀法就是聽力障礙突破的一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容。因?yàn)橛⒄Z中數(shù)字的表示方法是有其自有的特點(diǎn)的。本文將系統(tǒng)介紹英語中小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)以及百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法和讀法。
一、小數(shù)(decimal) 小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊按整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞(one, two, three ...)讀,小數(shù)點(diǎn)右邊依次用個(gè)位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞讀出。整數(shù)部分為零時(shí),小數(shù)點(diǎn)可以省略不讀。當(dāng)小數(shù)大于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),小數(shù)小于1時(shí),小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。 小數(shù)中“0”的讀法 “0”在小數(shù)中通常讀作nought（英）或zero（美），也可讀作字母o。如： 0.08 （nought）point nought eight 或 （zero）point zero eight 9.07 nine point o seven 1. 小于"1"的小數(shù) 小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊的零讀做naught(英)或zero(美),也可不讀。小數(shù)點(diǎn)右邊的小數(shù)部分按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。在小數(shù)點(diǎn)后遇到零時(shí),可讀做naught O zero,也可以讀做字母"o"的音,例如: 數(shù)字 表示法 0.4 naught/ O /zero point four; point four 0.128 naught/ O /zero point one two eight; point one two eight 0.305 naught /O /zero point three o five; point three zero five 2. 大于"1"的小數(shù) 小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊的整數(shù)部分按整數(shù)讀法讀出。小數(shù)點(diǎn)右邊的小數(shù)部分按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。在小數(shù)點(diǎn)后遇到零時(shí),可讀做naught O zero,也可以讀做字母"o"的音,例如: 數(shù)字 表示法 5.02 five point naught O zero two; five point o two 8.004 eight point naught naught O zero zero four; eight point o o four 33.33 thirty-three point three three 3. 萬位和億位以上整數(shù)帶小數(shù) 漢語里有萬位和億位以上整數(shù)帶小數(shù)的寫法和讀法。英語里沒有相應(yīng)的表示"萬"或"億"的單詞。譯成英語時(shí),先將萬理解為十個(gè)千,將億理解為一百個(gè)百萬。然后將小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊的整數(shù)部分和小數(shù)點(diǎn)右邊的小數(shù)部分做相應(yīng)的變化,例如: 數(shù)字 表示法 8.3萬 (83,000) eighty-three thousand 723.64萬 (7,236,400) seven mil-lion, two hundred and thirty-six thousand, four hundred 17.03億 (1,703,000,000) one point seven o three billion; one billion, seven hundred and three million 二、分?jǐn)?shù)(fraction) 英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)和漢語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法及讀法沒有很強(qiáng)的對(duì)應(yīng)性,需要認(rèn)真記憶。一般情況下,表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子要用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞(first, second, third ...)。如果分子大于1,分母必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1. "1/2"或"一半"的表示方法,用one half或a half表示。例如: 半英里one (a) half mile或half one (a) mile 一個(gè)半小時(shí)an hour and a half或one and a half hours (hour要用復(fù)數(shù)形式) 2. "1/4"的表示方法,用one (a) quarter表示。如果分子大于1, quarter用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: 1/4 one (a) quarter 3/4three quarters 3. 如果分子大于1,分母要用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果分?jǐn)?shù)大于1,要用整數(shù)部分+ and + 分?jǐn)?shù)表示,例如: 1/3 one third或a third 5/6 five sixths 8 3/5 eight and three fifths 4. 比較復(fù)雜的分?jǐn)?shù)用over表示。分子(基數(shù)詞)+ over + 分母(基數(shù)詞)。注意這里分子、分母全用基數(shù)詞表示。例如: 51/80 fifty-one over eighty 77/232 seventy-seven over two hundred and thirty-two 5. 用"分子(基數(shù)詞)+ (out) of + every + 分母(基數(shù)詞)"表示。這里分子、分母也全用基數(shù)詞表示。例如: 1/7one of every seven 5/9five out of every nine eg: An investigation showes that about two of every three students in this university are from China.一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明這所大學(xué)大約有三分之 二的學(xué)生來自中國(guó)。 6. 用"分子(基數(shù)詞)+ in + 分母(基數(shù)詞)"表示。這里分子、分母也全用基數(shù)詞表示。例如: 1/3 one in three 5/6 five in six eg: Only about one in five books was written for children ranged from seven to ten years old.只有大約五分之一的書是為七到十歲的兒童寫的。 7. 用"表示減少意義的動(dòng)詞或詞組+ 倍數(shù)"表示減少了n-1/n。例如: eg: The time for the whole journey is shortened 3 times. 整個(gè)行程的時(shí)間縮短了三分之二(或縮短到原來的三分之一)。 8. 當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時(shí),如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1,名詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果小于1,名詞用單數(shù)。 3 3/5 kilograms 三又五分之三千克(讀作three and three fifths kilograms) 4/5 meter 五分之四米(讀作four fifths meter) 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸(讀作five sixths inch) 三、百分?jǐn)?shù)(per cent) 百分號(hào)％讀作percent (per cent),無復(fù)數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞要用基數(shù)詞,應(yīng)用時(shí)常與by連用。例如: 數(shù)字 表示法 6% six percent 0.58% (naught) point five eight percent 200% two hundred percent The output of petroleum went up by twenty percent.石油產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了20％。 The price of food was reduced by ten percent. 食品的價(jià)格下降了10％。 The loss of electricity has been reduced to less than thirty percent.電的損耗減少到30％以下。 注意:由"分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+ of + 名詞"構(gòu)成的名詞詞組作主語時(shí),其后的動(dòng)詞形式依of詞組中的名詞類別而定。例如: Two thirds of the swampland has been reclaimed for farming. 三分之二的沼澤地已經(jīng)開墾為農(nóng)田了。 Over sixty percent of the doctors were women. 超過百分之六十的醫(yī)生是女性。 四、加減乘除式的讀法 6+5＝11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven. 11-6＝5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five. 4×5＝20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty. 20÷4＝5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five. 15:5＝3 The ratio of fifteen to five is three. 32 Three squared is nine. 23 Two cubed is eight. 24 The fourth power of two is sixteen. X^(1/2)=Y The square root of X is Y. X^(1/3)=Y The cubic root of X is Y. a ＞ b a is more than b. a ＜ b a is less than b. a ≈ b a approximately equals to b. a ≠ b a is not equal to b. |
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