so…that…和such…that…的用法特點(diǎn)

湖北 喻安民

新編高中英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)（下）Lesson 82中有這樣兩個(gè)句子：

In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. 事實(shí)上，他的那些文章中有一篇是用很漂亮的英文寫(xiě)成的，以至于恩格斯為此寫(xiě)了一封信對(duì)他加以贊賞。

He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. 他進(jìn)步得很快，不久就開(kāi)始用英文給美國(guó)一家報(bào)紙寫(xiě)文章了。

在上述兩句中，that后面的分句都是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意思都是“（如此……）以至……”。由于其前的so是副詞，such是形容詞，因此這兩個(gè)句型在構(gòu)成上也有一定的差異?，F(xiàn)將兩個(gè)句型的用法特點(diǎn)概述如下：

（一）so…that…引導(dǎo)四種不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. so+形容詞（表語(yǔ)）+that從句。例如：

It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面天氣太冷了，我們不得不停止比賽。

The picture is so beautiful that everyone likes it. 那幅畫(huà)是那樣好看，以至于大家都喜歡它。

The weather is so fine that all the children want to go out to play. 天氣如此好，所有的孩子都想出去玩一會(huì)兒。

2. so+形容詞+a(m)+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。例如：

She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much. 她做的飯菜那么好吃，結(jié)果我們都吃得太多了。

It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times. 展覽是那么好，結(jié)果我就去看了好幾次。

It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. 昨天天氣很好，我們都出去野餐了。

3. so+副詞+that從句。例如：

He did so well in the examination that everyone praised him. 他考得那么好，人人都稱(chēng)贊他。

Tom ran so fast that he won the first place. 湯姆跑得那樣快，結(jié)果他得了第一名。

He worked so hard at his lessons that he had little rest. 他學(xué)習(xí)功課非常勤奮，休息得很少很少。

4. so+many / /much / few / little+名詞+that從句。例如：

I”ve had so many falls that I”m black and blue all over. 我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一塊，紫一塊的。

There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有這么多的事要做，人人都感到厭煩了。

There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 缸里的水太少，不夠我們這些人用的。

（二）such…that…引導(dǎo)四種不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：

1. such+a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。例如：

This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. 這是一本很好的書(shū)，我們大家都喜歡讀一讀。

It was such a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home. 天氣這么好，沒(méi)有人愿意呆在家里不出去。

It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. 這是一部很有意思的電影，我看了兩次。

2. such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句。例如：

He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees. 他的胳膊很長(zhǎng)，幾乎就能夠到他的膝蓋。

They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他們都是很好的學(xué)生，老師喜歡他們。

3. such+（形容詞）+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句，例如：

The book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 這本書(shū)是用簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成的，連初學(xué)者都能看懂。

It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming. 昨天天氣很好，我們?nèi)ビ斡玖恕?/p>

4. one (no, any, all, many, some, several, 等)+such+可數(shù)名詞+that從句。例如：

There are many such good books that I can”t decide which one to choose. 有這么多的好書(shū)，我無(wú)法決定選擇哪一本。

He gave us several such examples about the phrase that we understood it pretty well. 關(guān)于這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，他舉了好幾個(gè)這樣的例句，我們終于完全弄懂了。

有時(shí)可以在不變更原意的前提下，將“so…that…”和“such…that…”加以轉(zhuǎn)換，以使語(yǔ)言變得更加豐富多彩。例如：

1. 她非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，大家都信賴(lài)她。

→She is such an honest girl that everybody trusts her.

→She is so honest a girl that everybody trusts her.

2. 他作了一個(gè)那么精彩的講演，以至于出席會(huì)議的人都?xì)J佩他。

→He made so wonderful a speech that everyone present at the conference admired him.

→He made such a wonderful speech that everyone present at the conference admired him.

除上面羅列的常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換方式外，還有以下幾種轉(zhuǎn)換方式：

1. so many / much…that…可轉(zhuǎn)換為such a lot of…that…。例如：

→There are such a lot of people in the room that we could not get in. （房間里人太多，我們進(jìn)不去。）

2. so few / little…that…可轉(zhuǎn)換為such a few / a little…that…。例如：

→Such a few people came that the meeting had to be put off. （人來(lái)得這么少，會(huì)議不得不推遲。）

3. “so…that+含肯定意義的從句”可轉(zhuǎn)換為“…enough to…”。例如：

He is so old that he can go to school. →He is old enough to go to school. （他到了上學(xué)的年齡。）

4. “so…that+含否定意義的從句”可轉(zhuǎn)換為“not…enough to (do sth)”或“too…to (do sth)”。例如：

He is so young that he can”t look after himself. →He is not old enough to look after himself. / He is too young to look after himself. （他年齡太小，自己照顧不了自己。）

5. 可將so和such移至句首，再將主句的主、謂語(yǔ)倒裝，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：

It is so hot that we don”t want to go out. → So hot is it that we don”t want to go out. （天氣太熱，我們不想出去。）

He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. →Such an excellent speech did he make that everyone admired him. （他作了如此精彩的演講，人們都?xì)J佩他。）

練習(xí)：

（一）用so…that…和such…that…填空：

（二）從A，B，C，D中選出一個(gè)正確答案。

KEY：

So…that/such…that
such…that作“如此…以致”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。與so…that
意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個(gè)名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，such…that的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：
1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.
他非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。
2)such＋adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
這些小說(shuō)非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。
3)such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that…clause
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他進(jìn)步得很快，老師們對(duì)他感到很滿(mǎn)意。
注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話(huà)，則不用
such而用so。例如：
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一塊，紫一塊的。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不適合做這個(gè)工作。
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to
the building.
街上有那么多人觀看大火，以致于消防隊(duì)員無(wú)法接近大樓。
6.In fact, his English is one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and
praised him for it.
事實(shí)上，在那些文章中有一篇他的英文寫(xiě)得很好，恩格斯曾寫(xiě)信贊揚(yáng)他。
so…that也作“如此…以致”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。so…that與such…
that意思相同，但用法不同?，F(xiàn)將so…that用法總結(jié)如下：
so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，沒(méi)人能追上他。
Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor that
everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)
他是一位好醫(yī)生，大家都尊敬并愛(ài)戴他。
so that與so ... that ...的用法在近幾年來(lái)全國(guó)各省市的中考試題中出現(xiàn)率較高，一直是歷年來(lái)中考試題的重要考點(diǎn)。下面結(jié)合近幾年來(lái)的中考試題，將so that與so ... that ... 的用法歸納如下：
　　一、so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示“以便；為了”，從句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中一般不用can和may等詞，在so that前可以用逗號(hào)，意思是“因此;所以”。如：
　　1. The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.(用所給的短語(yǔ)填空，每個(gè)短語(yǔ)只能用一次)(2003大連市) (答案為so that。)
　　2. She bought a digital camera online she would save a lot of time. (2003揚(yáng)州市)A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D.such that (答案為A。)
　　二、so＋形容詞或副詞＋that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
　　(一)so＋形容詞或副詞＋that ...引導(dǎo)的肯定的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“如此……以致于……”。如：
　　3.―__________fine day it is today! ―Yes,the sunshine is__________beautiful that I'd like to go swimming in the sea. (2003青島市) A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so (答案為D。)
　　4.當(dāng)球迷們看到貝克漢姆的時(shí)候，他們?nèi)绱思?dòng)以致于大喊大叫。(根據(jù)中文意思完成句子，
　　每空一詞。)(2003北京市海淀區(qū))When the football fans saw Beckham, they got__________excited__________they cried out. (答案為so，that。)
　　(二)so＋形容詞或副詞＋that ...引導(dǎo)的否定的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“如此……以致于不能……”。如：
　　5. The camera is __________expensive__________ I can't afford it. (單項(xiàng)選擇)(2004年遼寧省) A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that (答案為A。)
　　6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was__________that nobody could answer it.(2001安徽省) A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult (答案為D。)
　　注意：當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句為肯定句時(shí)，so ... that ...可以與be ... enough to do轉(zhuǎn)換；當(dāng)從句為否定句時(shí)，可以與too ... to ... 或be not ... enough to do轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
　　7. David was so careless that he didn't find the mistakes in his test paper. (變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句)(2003福州市) David was__________careless__________find the mistakes in his test paper.
　　8. A：The boy is so young that he can't look after himself. B：The boy is not__________to look after himself.(改寫(xiě)句子，使B句與A句意思相近)(2004年桂林市)(答案為old enough。)
　　so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)候可以與such ... that ...句型相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
　　9. The stone is so heavy that I can't lift it up. It is__________a heavy stone__________I can't lift it up.(改寫(xiě)句子)(2003南京市) (答案為such, that。)
such that 應(yīng)該是“使得”反方向的意思?；蚩勺g做“約束條件為”？