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Unit1 Will people will have robots?
Grammar:一般將來時態(tài)：
1．定義：一般將來時態(tài)用來表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?？梢员硎咀匀灰?guī)律，也可以表示對將來事情的一種主觀推測。如：
I’ll be thirty tomorrow. （明天我就30歲了。）
They will go to the park next week. （下周他們打算去公園）
2． 一般將來時態(tài)常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用，它們是： 1）以this 引導(dǎo)的短語：this evening（今晚） this afternoon（今天下午） this week（這周） this year（今年） this month (這個月)
2）以next 引導(dǎo)的短語：next week（下周） next year （明年） next month（下個月）
3）此外，還有：tomorrow（明天） tomorrow morning（明天早上） on Sunday （在周日）the day after tomorrow（后天） in the future（在將來）
4）例句：It will rain tonight. (今晚將會有雨)
Lily is going to go home this evening. (今晚麗麗將要回家。)
I shall go home next month. (下個月我要回家。)
3． 構(gòu)成：一般將來時態(tài)有三種構(gòu)成方式：
1）Shall +動詞原形（shall 只能和第一人稱單數(shù)I和第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we連用）：
如： I shall do my homework. (我要做作業(yè)。)
We shall study English. (我們要學(xué)習(xí)英語。)
含有shall 的一般疑問句，表示詢問對方的意圖或愿望?；卮餾hall I …. ？問句時不能使用答語：Yes, I shall. 或者：No, I shall not. 可以回答為：Yes, please.(好的，請) No, thanks. （不，謝謝。）Yes, Let’s.（是的，讓我們…）
如： Shall we go to the park? (我們?nèi)ス珗@好嗎？)
Yes, Let’s go. (好的，讓我們走吧。)
2）Will +動詞原形（will可以用于任何人稱）
如： I will go home tomorrow. (我打算明天回家。)
3）Be going to +動詞原形（一般表示計劃或者根據(jù)某些現(xiàn)象預(yù)測不久即將發(fā)生的事情）
如： She is going to go home tomorrow. (她打算明天回家。)
We are going to have a party tomorrow. (明天我們要開個晚會。)
4）有時也可以用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表示將來的動作，一般表示計劃或者雙方約定好的動作。
如：I’m coming by bus tomorrow. (明天我打算做公共汽車來。)
My mother is coming. (媽媽就要來了。)
5) 注：如果原來使用包含有am、 is、 are 的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子，在變成一般將來時態(tài)時，要在助動詞shall、 will、 be going to 的后面使用動詞原形be.
如：I shall be here next year.（明年我將會在這里）
We will be at school tomorrow.（我們明天將會在學(xué)校.）
They are going to be good friends in the future.（他們將來會成為好朋友。）
6) 縮寫： I will--- I’ll I am going to ---I’m going to he is—he’s we are --- we’re
1．Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes.
There +be (is/was are/were)
There will be …=There is going to be …
There are few people in the park, are there?
2. Books will only be on computers, not on paper.在電腦上，通過電腦。
on的意思是“以…方式”.eg: on the radio, on TV,
on the telephone
3. Will people use money in 100 years?一百年以后。
用how soon提問: How soon will he be back?
He will be back in two days.
In表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的將來一段時間之后，常用于將來時。
after“（一段時間）之后”，常用于表示過去的時態(tài)中。但若表示將來某一時刻之后，要用after而不能用in.
Eg: Mr. Brown will fly to Beijing in 3 hours.
After half an hour, the boys went to play soccer.
She will finish the work after 6 o’clock.
4. (P2) more fewer, less
People will use the subways less..
There will be less pollution.
一、less是little（??；少）的比較級：
1. He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做實驗花時間較少。
2. Such problems are of less importance. 這樣一些問題比較不重要。
3. The value of Y is no less than ten. Y值達到10.（表示多的意思）
4. She says less but does more. 她說話較少，但做事較多。
二、“less+形容詞或副詞”構(gòu)成劣等比較，作“較不…”，“更不…”解。
1. It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天氣不如昨天那樣冷。
2. He studies English less hard than before. 他學(xué)英語不如以前那樣努力。
5. What do you think Sally will be in five years?
6.(3a) I’ll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.
7.because I don’t like living alone.
alone adj. 單獨的；獨自的。只作表語。強調(diào)獨自一人。
I was alone in the house.
adv. 只有；僅僅；單獨地。
She lives alone in that large house.
lonely 只作形容詞，“孤獨的；寂寞的”，可作表語，定語。通常指人在心靈上的“寂寞和憂郁”，帶有強烈的感情色彩。修飾地點名詞時，強調(diào)“偏僻的；荒涼的”之意。
The old writer lives _____ in a ____ mountain village, but he doesn’t feel _____.
lone:指人孤獨，指物是單獨一個，是形容詞作定語。
There is a lone tree in the garden.在花園里有惟一的一棵樹。
8. I might even keep a pet parrot.
Even. adv（加強語氣）；甚至（……也）；連（…..都）（后接比較級）；甚至（比…..）更；還.
He doubts even the facts.他甚至懷疑事實。
Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be conceited.即使我們在工作中取得了巨大的成績，也不應(yīng)該自滿。
9．wear a suit
Suit 1）n.請求；懇求His father granted （答應(yīng)）his suit.
2） n.（一套）衣服；套；副；組
What a beautiful suit it is!
3）vt. 適合；中…的意
Any time will suit me.
10. one day
One day :強調(diào)過去或?qū)淼哪骋惶臁?o:p>
One day he lost a nice bag.
One day people will have robots in their homes.
Some day強調(diào)將來總有一天，（日后）某一天。
Some day people will fly to the moon for vacation.
11. I think + 從句可用任何時態(tài)。
I think Lin Wei wrote that.
I think that France will win the next World Cup.
12. What will the weather be like tomorrow?
What’s the weather like today?
13(reading)．Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.
such adj. 這樣的，如此的。
I have never met many such people.
pron.這樣的人或物。Such are the results.
Such修飾名詞，so修飾形容詞或副詞。
Such用于 such +a/an +adj.+ n.和 so用于so+adj. +a/an+n.搭配中時，它們可以進行同義改寫。
Eg: so nice a coat= such a nice coat.
當(dāng)名詞前有many,much,few,little時，須用so而不用such.
Eg: I never want ____ a boring holiday again.
There are ____ many people standing at the door.
Unit 2 What should I do?
Grammar: Should和could的用法
1.提出建議：
should 意為“應(yīng)該” ， 可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。 如：
We should protect the environment. 我們應(yīng)該保護環(huán)境。
You shouldn’t talk loudly in the library.
2.征求意見
should 也可用于征求意見，此時一般用于第一人稱疑問句中；could 用于請求，帶有一些試探性，因而更加委婉。
Should I open the window?
Could I borrow some money from you?
3.推測情況
should 用來表示較大可能實現(xiàn)的猜測，意為“可能的，但又未必可能。”could 用來表示可能性不在的猜測。
They should be at home by now, I think.
One day I could become a millionaire, but the chances are very small.
拓展； should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口語中。如：
I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。
Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去嗎？
?。?） Should have done 表示對過去動作的責(zé)備、批評。 如：
You should have finished your homework.
你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實上你沒有完成。）
1. keep out 不讓…進入
keep away避開；不接近
keep (on)doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
keep up with跟上；不落在后面
keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人持續(xù)做某事
（P9） enough money argue with
out of style (out of fashion) ----in style
2. write sb. a letter = write to sb.
call sb .up
a ticket to a ball game
talk about it on the phone
surprise sb. ( to one’s surprise , in surprise)
3.(3a) pay for ask …for … get a tutor
4．You could borrow some money from your brother.
brrow sth. from…. lend sth. to sb.
5. He doesn’t have any money, either.
either adv.同樣地（不）；也（不）
He doesn’t like math, and I don’t ,either.
adj.（兩者中）任一的。
There is a path on either side of the road.
pron.兩者之一。 Either of the two words is correct.
Eg: Either his parents or he ____(live) in London.
6. Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
except prep. 除；把…除外。
We all succeeded except Tom.
except“除…之外（不再有）”，指從整體中排除except 后跟的人或物。
besides“除…之外（還有）”，指在原來的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides后跟的人或物。
but“除…這外”常與含否定意義的詞連用。
Eg: We’ve had nothing but trouble with this car.
Li Lei also went to the park besides you.
We all went to the zoo except Li Lei.
7.I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.
“疑問詞+不定式”,在句中作know的賓語。此結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為對應(yīng)的賓語從句。
= I’m very upset and don’t know what I should do .
8.(P14) get on=get along相處；進展
get on/along …with
get on…with sb.與某人相處…
get on…with sth.某事進展…
eg: I get on well with my neighbors.
I’m getting on with my work.
9. have a fight with sb.= fight with sb. (fight against sb.)
He fought with(against) me yesterday.
10.(reading)The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm.
11. but now parents seem to push…
Seem v. 像是，似乎；（近）appear
1)seem + (to be)+表語（adj,n,prep.）
He seems(to be ) happy.
2)It seems/seemed + that 從句
3)seem to do
Tom seemed to know that. = It seemed that Tom knew that.
Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
While the boy was walking the street, the UFO landed.
When兼指“ 時間點和時間段”
while 只指“時間段”，從句的謂語動詞只用持續(xù)性動詞。
Eg: Newton was playing under an apple tree ____ an
apple fell onto his head.
2. What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?
take off 起飛。 反義詞是land 降落；
脫下（衣帽等）反義詞是put on
take after (面貌、言行等)像（自己的父母等長輩）
take one’s time從容不迫，慢慢地
take a day off休息一天 take back收回，退還
take away拿走 take down寫下；拿下
3.(3a)You can imagine how strange it was.
Eg: How clever the boy is !
How time flies!
What an interesting book it is!
What bad news!
4. What happened while Linda was on the phone?
happen：偶然發(fā)生，具有不可預(yù)測性，主語一般是某物/某事，表示“某人發(fā)生了什么事”用“sth. happen to sb.”
happen還可表示“碰巧”，常用“sb.+happen+to do sth.”和“It happens + that 從句”
take place指事先計劃好或先布置而發(fā)生，指某種確定事件。
happen 和take place都沒有被動語態(tài)。
Eg: What happened to him?
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
I happened to know him brother.= It happened that I knew his brother
Unit4 He said I was hard-working.
引述別人的話時，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事項
(1)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。例如：
They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引語變間接引語時， 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：
He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。
(3)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
1. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
1) be mad at\with sb.= be angry at /with sb.
2)not…anymore= not …any more 用于非正式文體中，表示（過去曾…）現(xiàn)在不再…，相當(dāng)于not …any longer
She doesn’t live here any longer.
3)not…any more= no more
He is no more angry.
2.Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcia’s house.
bring 帶來，拿來
take帶走；拿走
fetch“去取”，相當(dāng)于 go and bring back sb./sth.
carry攜帶；搬運。
3.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.
be supposed to +do sth.= should
be not supposed to do sth.= be not allowed to do sth.
4. I said that was OK and that I was sure she would get over it.
get over克服；恢復(fù) How did you get over that problem?
go over復(fù)習(xí) look over檢查 turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)；翻倒
注意；get over 是“動詞+介詞”，賓語只能放在之后。
而為look over, turn over“動詞+副詞”，當(dāng)賓語為代詞時，只能置于中間。
5．in good health身體健康
be in good health=be healthy;
be in poor healthy=be unhealthy
in a hurry 匆忙 in silence沉默
be strict in對。。。要求嚴(yán)格 do well in擅長
in surprise驚訝地 in all總的來說
in a word總之 in general一般來說
hand/turn in上交
6. influence n. vt.
have an influence on …對…有影響
n. 影響（力）；作用。 My advice has no influence on his actions.
vt.影響 What we read influences our thinking.
n. 有影響力的人，可數(shù)名詞His mother said I was a bad influence on her son.
Unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!
1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞的句子時，從句一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。Eg: We’ll go to the park, if the weather___ fine.
2. If you do, you’ll be sorry.
be sorry遺憾，難過，對不起
be sorry to do sth.遺憾做某事 I’m sorry to hear that.
be sorry about sth.對某事感到遺憾
You must be sorry about it later.
be sorry+that從句 對。。。感到遺憾
I’m sorry that you say so.
4.If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love.
make a living (by)…以…謀生，by后面可接名詞、代詞、doing 形式，有時by也可省略。
The young woman makes a living by singing.
3. take away拿走
run away逃跑 far away 遙遠(yuǎn)
stay/keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離 go away走開；離開
right away立即；馬上
Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1.How long have you been collecting shells?
collect vt. 收集；搜集My hobby is collecting stamps.
收藏品collection 收藏者collector
2. How long have you been skating?
I have been skating since nine o’clock.
I’ve been skating for five hours.
Since 是完成時的標(biāo)志，后可接時間點，也可接時間狀語從句。主句動詞必須是延續(xù)性的且從句用一般過去時。
含Since的句式可以和含 for的句式互相轉(zhuǎn)化。
如；It is ten years since we met last time. = We haven’t seen each other for ten years.
2.students are skating to raise money for charity.籌錢；籌款。
Raise vt.“舉起，抬高”常指靠人力而為之事；還表示“提高，養(yǎng)育；籌集”。
Please raise your hand.
Raise the rent.
rise常表示“太陽、月亮升起；河水上漲“，一般靠自然力量而為之。
The sun rises in the east.
The river is rising after the rain.
3. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
run out of “用完；用盡” 表主動，主語一般是人。
Tom has run out of all the money.
run out 常用物作主語。 Their food ran out.
room un.“空間” cn.“房間”
eg: The table takes too much room in this room.
4. the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.
thousand 是基數(shù)詞“千”，在表示確切數(shù)字時，不能用復(fù)數(shù)。
There are two thousand students in our school.
thousands of “成千上萬”
Thousands of trees must be planted every year.
注意：some,several,many 等可用來修飾thousands of.
用法相同的還有:hundred,million,billion.
5.For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.
“The+比較級,the+比較級”“越。。。，就越。。。”
Eg: The busier he is, the happier he feels.
The more , the better. 越來越好。
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1. Would you mind turning down the music?
1) Would you mind doing sth. “你介意做某事嗎？”
回答時用yes或no，表示“不介意，不在乎”時用no，后面跟句子，意為“允許對方做某事”
若不介意，答語通常用“Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not”等
若介意，答語通常用“I’m sorry,but I do./ You’d better not.”等
否定形式為Would you mind not doing sth.
2) turn down 把。。調(diào)低；關(guān)小 反義詞：turn up
turn on 打開 turn off
by turns輪流地 take one’s turn依次（做某事）
Reading:
1.…but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed.
allow sb. to do sth.允許某人干某事
allow doing sth.允許做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事
allow sb. sth.= allow sth. to sb.給某人某物；讓某人得到某物。
2．…it is better to keep your voice down in public places.
1）It’s better to do sth.= had better do sth.
2）keep…down “控制，抑制”
keep off （使）離開，（使）不接近
keep out不讓。。。進入 keep on繼續(xù)（做某事）
3）noise“噪音” make a noise 發(fā)出噪音
There is so much noise in this restaurant, I can hardly here you talking.
Voice“嗓音”，指人說話聲或唱歌的聲音，也可指鳥鳴聲.
I didn’t recognize her voice on the telephone.
Sound 含義最廣，可指一切聽到的聲音。
Sound travels slower than light.
Shout 指人或動物的叫喊，也指予以警告或引起注意而發(fā)出的叫喊。Suddenly, the patient raised a shout of pain.
4． Put out撲滅；熄滅
put up舉起；張貼 put off 推遲；拖延
put away 把。。。收拾好 put down放下
put on穿上 put up with 忍受 put aside放在一邊
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
1．Why don’t you get her a scarf?
Why don’t you +動詞原形=why not+動詞原形
Why don’t you have a cup of tea?=Why not have a cup of tea?
Self-check
2.Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else.
give away 贈送，分發(fā)
give up放棄；中止 give in 屈服
give out分發(fā)；發(fā)出（氣體、光、熱等）
give back歸還 give sb. a hand幫助某人
3. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.
rather than 用法小結(jié)
rather than 是一個并列連詞，用法比較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
1). rather than 與would 連用時，構(gòu)成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。
2). rather than 不與would連用時，表示客觀事實，意為“是……而不是……；與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等。
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野營。
注意：rather than 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
3. Instead, making a meal is enough.
instead作副詞，是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如：
Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead．
instead of為介詞短語，它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞、介詞短語或形容詞等。如：
(1)I will clean the window instead of him.
(2)We will skate instead of playing football.
二者有時可以進行轉(zhuǎn)換：Jack went swimming instead of playing tennis.=She didn’t play tennis. She went swimming instead.
4. (reading)This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人干某事。
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