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動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)11
20 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1） 概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
2） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read； fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
21 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 概念：表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示"意志"，不能說 I'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的時(shí)間狀語
Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
22 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。
典型例題
(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.
答案B. 在時(shí)間，條件或讓步主語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)。本題有He said，故為過去式。主句用將來時(shí)，故選B. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。
(2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。
The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。)
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動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)12
23 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過去時(shí)
1 )"書上說"，"報(bào)紙上說"等。
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。
2) 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
24 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)
1) 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
25 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes…
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
26 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)
1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。
Are you staying with us this weekend? 這周和我們一起度周末嗎?
We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。
2) 漸變動(dòng)詞，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。
He is dying.
27 時(shí)態(tài)一致
1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí)，則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
He told me last week that he is eighteen.
2) 賓語從句中的助動(dòng)詞ought, need, must, dare 時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。
He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
28 時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語
時(shí)間狀語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般過去時(shí) yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般將來時(shí) next…, tomorrow, in+時(shí)間,
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently
過去完成時(shí) before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
將來進(jìn)行時(shí) soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
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