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（一）文不達(dá)意
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 在英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的提示信息中，常有這樣的語(yǔ)句“可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)”或“可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮”，但所增加的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與文章相關(guān)。如果所“發(fā)揮”的內(nèi)容與文章無(wú)關(guān)，就是“畫(huà)蛇添足”了。 「信息提示」 根據(jù)下面的4幅圖畫(huà)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，要求故事包括所有圖畫(huà)的主要內(nèi)容，可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使意思連貫。詞數(shù)在100以上。
「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 One day， an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn‘t move. But to everyone’s anger, the car ran away as quickly as it could. The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried （1）。 Luckily， a man， who was sweeping the street nearby， saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. He was angry with the driver （2）。 Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that， the dustman took her home. When the old woman‘s daughter knew what had happened to her mother， she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. After a while the dustman left and went to do his work. The daughter thanked him again （ （3）。 「精講點(diǎn)撥」 ?。?）此句與圖中提示不相符，應(yīng)刪去。 ?。?）此處加寫(xiě)這句屬多余，也與圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容不符。 ?。?）文章寫(xiě)到“……very much.”處已經(jīng)很完整了，加上這一句使行文顯得重復(fù)、累贅。 「精品范文」 One day， an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn‘t move a little. Luckily，a man，who was sweeping the street nearby， saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that， the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother，she was moved deeply and thanked him very much.
（二）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 同學(xué)們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)，往往把重點(diǎn)放在文章的構(gòu)思和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，有時(shí)忽略了名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。在中考作文中，如果名詞的數(shù)使用混亂，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致較多的失分。 「信息提示」 假如你是吳強(qiáng)，去年春天和幾位同學(xué)到東浦島野餐，以“The happiest day”為題寫(xiě)一篇80-100詞的作文。要求條理清晰、意思連貫、語(yǔ)句通順、標(biāo)點(diǎn)規(guī)范。 「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 The happiest day Last spring my classmate （1） and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink. We sang happily on our ways （2） there. After about one and a half hour （3）， we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses （4） all around us. How beautiful it was！ After about twenty minute‘s （5） rest， we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while， everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat， fish， fruit and vegetable （6）。 How delicious they were！ We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s faces （7）。 「精講點(diǎn)撥」 （1）classmate在本句中看不出錯(cuò)誤來(lái)，如果結(jié)合第二段的…… four groups就可發(fā)現(xiàn)classmate要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （2）在on one‘s way 結(jié)構(gòu)中，way 沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ?。?）這兒不是半個(gè)小時(shí)，而是一個(gè)半小時(shí)，所以hour要用復(fù)數(shù)。 ?。?）此處指普通的草，多用單數(shù)。 ?。?）此處應(yīng)將minute‘s改為minutes’，即twenty minutes‘ rest. ?。?）此處應(yīng)用vegetable的復(fù)數(shù)形式vegetables. ?。?）這兒指的是每個(gè)人的臉上，應(yīng)將faces改為face. 「精品范文」 The happiest day Last spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink. We sang happily on the way there. After about one and a half hours，we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grass all around us. How beautiful it was！After about twenty minutes‘ rest， we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while， everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat，fish，fruit and vegetables. How delicious they were！We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s face.
（三）用詞不當(dāng)
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 文章構(gòu)思新穎、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)固然重要，但它只是文章的骨架。要充實(shí)內(nèi)容，就得有一定的遣詞造句的功力，在此基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)就顯得尤為重要了。 「信息提示」 李華平時(shí)總是忙于功課，很少做家務(wù)。母親節(jié)這一天，她想幫媽媽做飯，卻不小心切了手指，本想讓媽媽在節(jié)日期間好好休息，卻未能如愿。以“On Mother‘s Day”為題寫(xiě)一篇詞數(shù)為80-100的短文。要求條理清晰、意思連貫、語(yǔ)句通順、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。 「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 On Mother's Day I'm usually busy with my studies and do few （1） housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead （2） her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables， fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well like （3） Mum. Bad luck！I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed into （4） and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back， dinner （5） ready. I felt sorry and said，“Mum had a busy Mother's Day again！” 「精講點(diǎn)撥」 ?。?）housework是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用little來(lái)修飾。 ?。?）instead是副詞，后不能接賓語(yǔ)，這兒應(yīng)該用instead of. ?。?）like雖然可用作介詞，意為“像”，但這兒是as…… as……結(jié)構(gòu)，因此此處應(yīng)改為as well as…… ?。?）into是介詞，其后要接賓語(yǔ)，但句中無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，所以改為副詞in. （5）ready是形容詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，所以其前要加was. 「精品范文」 On Mother‘s Day I'm usually busy with my studies and do little housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead of her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables，fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well as Mum. Bad luck！I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back， dinner was ready. I felt sorry and said，“Mum had a busy Mother's Day again！”
（四）母語(yǔ)干擾
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 許多同學(xué)在用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)很容易受漢語(yǔ)的影響而寫(xiě)錯(cuò)句子，即寫(xiě)所謂的Chinglish.這是書(shū)面表達(dá)中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤之一。 「信息提示」 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，以“My School Life”為題寫(xiě)一篇100詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。 「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 My School Life I‘m a middle school student. Although our school is very usual （1）， but （2） it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers. The here （3） air is very fresh. In the morning， lots of schoolmates （4） early （5） go to school and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All of the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that， someone （6） are reading in the library， others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6：00. Oh！ How colorful my school life is！ 「精講點(diǎn)撥」 ?。?）作者顯然想表達(dá)“學(xué)校很一般或普通”，此處最好用common一詞，而usual意思是“通常的”。 （2）受漢語(yǔ)“雖然……但是……”的影響，作者將這一意思直接譯成英語(yǔ)“although…but…”，而在英語(yǔ)同一句子中只用這兩個(gè)詞的其中之一表示漢語(yǔ)的“雖然……但是……”。 ?。?）here是副詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí)應(yīng)位于被修飾詞之后。 ?。?）schoolmate指校友、同學(xué)，通常不包含自己在內(nèi)，改為students好些，指全校學(xué)生。 ?。?）“早早到校”的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)是go to school early， 副詞early應(yīng)位于句末。 ?。?）someone意思是“某人”，要改為some students. 「精品范文」 My School Life I‘m a middle school student. Although our school is very common，it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers. The air here is very fresh. In the morning，lots of students go to school early and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that，some students are reading in the library，others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6：00. Oh！How colorful my school life is！
（五）語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主要由動(dòng)詞的變化形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)中有些不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，漢語(yǔ)理解往往是及物的，而不及物動(dòng)詞卻有漢語(yǔ)中及物動(dòng)詞的意思，所以同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中要特別注意這一點(diǎn)。 「信息提示」 比較下面兩幅圖片。請(qǐng)以“Great Changes in Our Country”為題寫(xiě)一篇短文，介紹改革開(kāi)放20多年來(lái)祖國(guó)的巨大的變化。詞數(shù)80左右。
提示詞：overpass 天橋 「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 Great Changes in Our Country Great changes have been （1） taken place in our country. Many buildings have been builded （2） in cities and towns， even at villages. The more cars we have， the more crowded the roads are. So the roads were become （3） wider and wider. Many overpasses have been builded （4） in big cities. Chinese people‘s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs， washing machines， fridges， computers，cars，etc. These things couldn’t buy （5） twenty years ago. We‘ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful. 「精講點(diǎn)撥」 ?。?）take place是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ?。?）、（4） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞用得不對(duì)。 ?。?）動(dòng)詞become在這里是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞比較級(jí)作表語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞通常沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ?。?）此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式couldn‘t be bought. 「精品范文」 Great Changes in Our Country Great changes have taken place in our country. Many buildings have been built in cities and towns， even at villages. The more cars we have， the more crowded the roads are. So the roads became wider and wider. Many overpasses have been built in big cities. Chinese people‘s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs， washing machines， fridges， computers， cars， etc. These things couldn’t be bought twenty years ago. We‘ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.
（六）習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配
「要點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟」 有的同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作時(shí)常常把一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定詞組及結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤搭配，結(jié)果寫(xiě)出來(lái)的句子讓人看不懂。我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)若將這些英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)牢固掌握，考試時(shí)就會(huì)得心應(yīng)手、從容自若。 「信息提示」 2005年10月1日 星期六 睛 昨天你叔叔打電話來(lái)，請(qǐng)你找?guī)讉€(gè)朋友去他農(nóng)場(chǎng)收桔子。于是今天早上6點(diǎn)，你和朋友就坐汽車(chē)出發(fā)了。一到農(nóng)場(chǎng)便開(kāi)始干活。桔子樹(shù)上結(jié)滿了桔子，你們又摘桔子又裝車(chē)，忙完后在那兒吃了午餐，還吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡車(chē)回家。你們雖然忙了一天，卻感到非?？鞓?lè)。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上提示寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的英語(yǔ)日記。請(qǐng)注意日記的格式。 「習(xí)作實(shí)況」 October 1，2005，Saturday Sunny My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone （1） that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends. Today morning （2） we left home at 6：00. We went there by a bus （3）。 The trees in （4） the farm were really full with （5） oranges. When we got there， we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work， we had the lunch （6） at my uncle‘s house. We had many oranges， too. In the afternoon， we came back home by truck. We were busy today， but we were happy.「精講點(diǎn)撥」 ?。?）“在電話里說(shuō)……”應(yīng)用介詞on. ?。?）“今天上午”的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)法是this morning. ?。?）by+交通工具名詞時(shí)，其間不用冠詞或其他修飾詞。 （4）“在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里”介詞用on，應(yīng)是on the farm. ?。?）“……充（結(jié)）滿……”有兩種表示方法，be full of …… 或be filled with…… （6）英語(yǔ)中在表示吃一日三餐時(shí)，三餐前不加冠詞。 「精品范文」 October 1， 2005， Saturday Sunny My uncle called me yesterday. He said on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends. This morning we left home at 6：00. We went there by bus. The trees on the farm were really full of oranges. When we got there，we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work， we had lunch at my uncle‘s house. We had many oranges， too. In the afternoon， we came back home by truck. We were busy today，but we were happy. |
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