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10年前在一家美資公司工作時(shí)，聽到Stephen Covey的這個(gè)概念，記得還從網(wǎng)上下載了一個(gè)screen saver。 凡事積極主動，對自己的人生負(fù)責(zé)，不能等著別人安排；行動之前自己要主動去規(guī)劃，確定階段性目標(biāo)，包括短期（1年）、長期（3年、5年或10年），制定完成目標(biāo)所需要采取的行動，然后努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)。 事先的規(guī)劃、評估，對個(gè)人的成長有著非常大的作用。 Stephen Covey的七種習(xí)慣 高效人士的七種習(xí)慣 [美] 斯蒂棼·科衛(wèi)教授（Prof. Stephen Covey） Our character is a composite of our habits. Changing habits is hard,but can be done by tremendous commitment. A (good) habit can be definedas the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire. Change is a cycleof being and seeing (visualization) Our objective is to move progressively on a maturity continuum fromdependence to independence to interdependence. Although independence isthe current paradigm of our society, we can accomplish much more bycooperation and specialization. However, we must achieve independencebefore we can choose interdependence. 我們的性格是我們的習(xí)慣的集合物。改變習(xí)慣是困難的，但只要下定特大的決心，習(xí)慣是可以改變的。一種（良好）習(xí)慣可以被定義為知識、技能和愿望的交匯點(diǎn)。改變即是存在和視覺的循環(huán)。 我們的目標(biāo)是，從依賴到獨(dú)立、再到互相依賴，在成熟連續(xù)流中循序漸進(jìn)。雖然獨(dú)立是當(dāng)前我們的社會模式，但是我們通過合作和專業(yè)化卻可以取得更多的成績。盡管如此，在能夠選擇相互依賴之前，我們必須取得獨(dú)立。 Habit 1: Be Proactive 凡事積極主動 The first andmost basic habit of a highly effective person in any environment is thehabit of proactivity. Being proactive means that as human beings, weare responsible for our own lives. Our behavior is a function of ourdecisions, not our conditions. We can subordinate feelings to values.We have the initiative and the responsibility to make things happen. Look [at] the word responsibility-response-ability-the ability tochoose your responses. Highly proactive people recognize thatresponsibility. They do not blame circumstances, conditions, orconditioning for their behavior. Their behavior is a product of theirown conscious choice, based on values, rather than a product of theirconditions, based on feeling. The opposite of proactive is reactive.The spirit of reactive people is the transfer of responsibility. Theirlanguage absolves them of responsibility. Proactive people focus theirtime and energy on their Circle of Influence (things they can control)in lieu of reacting to or worrying about conditions over which theyhave little or no control (Circle of Concern). In so doing, proactive people use positive energy to influence conditions and increase their Circle of Influence. 在任何環(huán)境中做事效率很高的人都具有的首要以及基本的習(xí)慣是積極主動的習(xí)慣。積極主動的含義是，我們作為人類，應(yīng)該對我們自己的生命負(fù)責(zé)。我們的行為不是環(huán)境而是我們做出的決定的結(jié)果。我們可以使感覺服從價(jià)值。我們有創(chuàng)造的主動性和責(zé)任性。 看看responsibility（責(zé)任）這個(gè)詞，它由response（反應(yīng)）和ability（能力）兩個(gè)詞組成，意思是選擇做出反應(yīng)的能力。非常積極主動的人認(rèn)識到這種責(zé)任。他們不抱怨環(huán)境、條件或者環(huán)境對他們的馴化作用。他們的行為是他們自己基于價(jià)值而有意做出選擇的一種產(chǎn)物，而不是基于感情的、他們的條件的產(chǎn)物。 積極主動的反義詞是消極被動。消極被動者的精神是逃避責(zé)任，他們的言辭自己開拓責(zé)任。積極主動的人將自己的時(shí)間和精力集中在自己的"勢力范圍"（自己可以控制的事物）之內(nèi)，而不是對自己幾乎不能或完全不能控制的條件（"關(guān)注范圍"）做出被動的反應(yīng)或擔(dān)心。 Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind 先定目標(biāo)而后有行動 To begin with the end in mind means to begin each day with a clearunderstanding of your desired direction and destination. By keepingthat end in mind you can make certain that whatever you do on anyparticular day does not violate the criteria you have defined assupremely important, and that each day of your life contributes in ameaningful way to the vision you have of your life as a whole. Begin with the end in mind is based on the principle that all thingsare created twice. There's a mental or first creation and a physical orsecond creation. The second, or physical creation, follows from thefirst, just as a building follows from a blueprint. In our personallives, if we do not develop our own self-awareness and becomeresponsible for first creations, we empower other people andcircumstances to shape our lives by default. Leadershipis the first creation. Management is the second creation. Management isa bottom line focus: How can I best accomplish certain things?Leadership deals with the top line: What are the things I want toaccomplish? In the words of both Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis,"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the rightthings." Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success;leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the rightwall. 先有目標(biāo)而后有行動，意思是每一天開始時(shí)，你都清楚地了解自己想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的方向或目標(biāo)。當(dāng)你心懷目標(biāo)，你才能做到每一個(gè)具體的日子所做的任何事情都不違反你已經(jīng)確定的極其重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你生活中的每一天都在以一種積極的方式有助于達(dá)到你整個(gè)人生的愿景。 先有目標(biāo)而后有行動"是建立在這樣一種原理基礎(chǔ)上的，即所有事情都經(jīng)歷兩次創(chuàng)造。第一種是精神創(chuàng)造，第二種是物質(zhì)創(chuàng)造。第二種或物質(zhì)創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)生于第一種創(chuàng)造，正如先有藍(lán)圖再蓋房子一樣。在我們的個(gè)人生活中，如果我們不開發(fā)自我意識，不對第一種創(chuàng)造負(fù)責(zé)，我們就會讓別人和環(huán)境錯(cuò)誤地改變我們的人生。 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是第一種創(chuàng)造，管理是第二種創(chuàng)造。管理關(guān)注基層工作：我怎樣能夠完成某些事情？領(lǐng)導(dǎo)處理高層事務(wù)：那些事情是我想要完成的？用德魯克和本尼斯兩人的話，就是："管理是把事情做得正確，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是做正確的事情。"管理是在成功階梯上攀登的效率，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是確定是否把梯子放到了正確的墻上。 Habit 3: Put First Things First 重要的事要先做 What are first things? First things are those things that you,personally, find most worth doing. They move you in the right directionand help you achieve the purpose expressed in your mission statement. Put First Things First involves organizing and managing time andevents according to the personal priorities established in Habit 2(Begin with the End in Mind). Habit 2 is the first or mental creation. Habit 3, then, is the second,or physical creation. It's the day-in, day-out, moment by moment doingit. 哪些事是重要的事情？重要的事情就是那些你自己發(fā)現(xiàn)最值得做的事情。它們使你沿著正確的方向前進(jìn)，幫助你達(dá)到你在個(gè)人使命里陳述的目標(biāo)。 "重要的事要先做"牽涉到根據(jù)習(xí)慣二（"先有目標(biāo)而后有行動"）里所建立的個(gè)人優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)對時(shí)間、事件進(jìn)行組織和管理。習(xí)慣二是第一種或精神創(chuàng)造，而習(xí)慣三是第二種或物質(zhì)創(chuàng)造。它是日進(jìn)日出、每時(shí)每刻地做事。 Habit 4: Think Win-Win 為了大家都贏 In relationships and businesses, effectiveness is largely achievedthrough the cooperative efforts of two or more people. Marriages andother partnerships are interdependent realities, and yet people oftenapproach these relationships with an independent mentality, which islike trying to play golf with a tennis racket-the tool isn't suited tothe sport. Most of us learn to base our self-worth on comparisons andcompetition. We think about succeeding in terms of someone elsefailing. That is, if I win, you lose. Or if you win, I lose. There isonly so much pie and if you get a big piece there is less for me.People with this type of Scarcity Mentality find it difficult to sharerecognition and power, and to be happy for the successes of others,especially those closest to them. Win-Win, on the other hand, is based on the paradigm that there isplenty for everybody, that one person's success is not achieved at theexpense or exclusion of the success of others. Win-Win sees life as acooperative, not a competitive arena. Win-Win is a frame of mind andheart that constantly seeks mutual benefit in all human interactions.Win-Win means that agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial andsatisfying. 在社會關(guān)系和商務(wù)活動中，效率大體上都要經(jīng)過兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人的合作努力才能取得?；橐龊推渌锇殛P(guān)系是互相依賴的現(xiàn)實(shí)，然而人們卻經(jīng)常以一種獨(dú)立的心態(tài)處理這些關(guān)系，如同用網(wǎng)球拍去打高爾夫球--使用了不適合這種體育運(yùn)動的工具。 我們中的多數(shù)人學(xué)會了將自我價(jià)值建立在比較和競爭之上。我們想著在別人摔倒時(shí)進(jìn)行超越。這就是說，如果我贏，就是你輸。或者，如果你贏，就是我輸。餡餅就這么大，如果你得到一大塊，我得到的就要少。懷有這種"稀缺心態(tài)"的人很難與人分享贊譽(yù)與權(quán)力，很難為別人特別是天天跟自己在一起的人獲得成功而感到高興。 在另一方面，"雙贏"或"大家都贏"是建立在每個(gè)人都有許多機(jī)會這個(gè)思想方式上的，即一個(gè)人并不是以犧牲別人利益或排除別人成功而取得成功。"大家都贏"把人生看作是合作而不是競爭的舞臺。"大家都贏"是在所有人類共處中不斷需求相互利益的一種心靈結(jié)構(gòu)。"大家都贏"意味著各種約定和方案對于大家都是有益處而且是使大家都滿意的。 Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood 先理解別人，再讓別人理解自己 Communicationis the most important skill in life. We spend most of our waking hourscommunicating. But consider this: You've spent years learning how toread and write. Years learning how to speak. But what about listening?What training or education have you had that enables you to listen sothat you really, deeply understand another human being from thatindividuals' own frame of reference? Seeking first to understand, or diagnosing before you prescribe, is acorrect principle manifest in many areas of life. A wise doctor willdiagnose before writing a prescription. A good engineer will understandthe forces, the stresses at work, before designing the bridge. Aneffective salesperson first seeks to understand the needs of thecustomer before offering a product. Similarly, an effectivecommunicator will first seek to understand another's views beforeseeking to be understood. Until people feel properly diagnosed theywill not be open to prescriptions. Wetypically seek first to be understood. Most people do not listen withthe intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply. They'reeither speaking or preparing to speak. They're filtering everythingthrough their own paradigms, reading their autobiography into otherpeople's lives. 溝通是人生最為重要的技能，我們將醒著的大部分時(shí)間用來溝通。但是，你要考慮這個(gè)問題：你花了許多年時(shí)間讀書、認(rèn)字、說話，但是學(xué)習(xí)聆聽了嗎？你所接受過的教育或培訓(xùn)，有沒有課程使你能夠通過聆聽從而站在另一個(gè)人的角度去真正深刻地理解他？ 尋求先理解別人，或者是先診斷再開方，是人生許多領(lǐng)域正確的原則妙方。明智的大夫在開方之前先診斷。出色的工程師在設(shè)計(jì)橋梁之前先要理解力學(xué)和運(yùn)營應(yīng)力。有效率的銷售員在推薦一種產(chǎn)品之前首先要尋求理解客戶的需要。同樣，有效率的溝通者在尋求別人理解自己之前，先要尋求理解別人的觀點(diǎn)。人們只有在感到得到了恰當(dāng)?shù)脑\斷之后才會愿意接受處方。 我們通常是首先要別人理解自己。大多數(shù)人不是懷著理解別人的意圖去聆聽，他們聆聽的意圖是要別人做出回答。他們要么是說話，要么是準(zhǔn)備說話。他們用自己的模式過濾一切，以自己的經(jīng)歷來理解別人的生活。 Habit 6: Synergize 協(xié)同合作 Synergyis everywhere in nature. The intermingled roots of two plants growingclosely together improve the quality of the soil. Two pieces of woodbonded together hold much more than the total of the weight held byeach separately. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Oneplus one equals three or more. The principle of synergy also holds true in social interactions. Twopeople, creatively cooperating, will be able to produce far betterresults than either one could alone. Synergy lets us discover jointlythings that we are much less likely to discover by ourselves. It occurswhen minds stimulate each other and ideas call forth ideas. I saysomething that stimulates your mind; you respond with an idea thatstimulates mine. I share that new idea with you, and the processrepeats itself and even builds. Synergy works. It is the crowning achievement of all the previoushabits. It is effectiveness in an interdependent reality-it isteamwork, team building, the development of unity and creativity withother human beings. Valuingthe differences is the essence of synergy-the mental, the emotional,the physiological differences between people. And the key to valuingthose differences is to realize that all people see the world, not asit is, but as they are. When we value differences and bring differentperspectives together in the spirit of mutual respect, people then feelfree to seek the best possible alternative, often the ThirdAlternative, one that is substantially better than either of theoriginal proposals. Finding a third alternative is not compromise, butrepresents a Win-win solution for both parties. 協(xié)同是自然界的普遍現(xiàn)象。依偎在一起生長的兩種植物的根交織在一起，能夠改良土壤的質(zhì)量。兩根木棍綁在一起所承受的分量要比單獨(dú)一根所承受的分量大得多。整體大于部件之和。一加一等于三甚至更多。 協(xié)同原理在社會互動中也是真理。進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性合作的兩個(gè)人所創(chuàng)造的成果，比兩人中任何一個(gè)人單獨(dú)去做要多得多。協(xié)同讓我們共同發(fā)現(xiàn)我們個(gè)人所較少發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。當(dāng)主意相互碰撞、想法相互啟發(fā)，協(xié)同效應(yīng)就發(fā)生了。我說的事情激發(fā)你的想法，你回應(yīng)的主意又對我有所啟發(fā)。我與你分享一個(gè)新的主意，而這個(gè)過程不斷重復(fù)，甚至有所建樹。 協(xié)同合作是有效的，它是在前面所有習(xí)慣基礎(chǔ)上取得的成績。它是存在于一種相互依賴的現(xiàn)實(shí)之中的效率--是團(tuán)隊(duì)工作，是團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)，是與別人團(tuán)結(jié)創(chuàng)造的發(fā)展。 重視差異--人們在智力、情感、心理上的差異--是協(xié)同合作的精髓。重視差異的關(guān)鍵是，承認(rèn)人們不是以客觀存在而是以自己的認(rèn)識去看待世界。當(dāng)我們重視分歧，根據(jù)相互尊重的精神把不同的觀點(diǎn)帶到一起，那么大家就能夠自由地尋求可能的最佳方案，通常是"第三種方案"。這種方案事實(shí)上要比原有的任何一種提議都要好。找到一個(gè)第三種方案并不是妥協(xié)，而它是代表了能使雙方皆贏的答案。 Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw 磨亮鋸子 Habit 7 is thehabit that makes all the others possible. Sharpen the Saw meanspreserving and enhancing the greatest asset you have-you. It meanshaving a balanced, systematic program for self-renewal in the fourareas of our lives: physical, mental, emotional-social, and spiritual.Without this discipline, the body becomes weak, the mind mechanical,the emotions raw, the spirit insensitive, and the person selfish. This is the single most powerful investment we can ever make inlife-investment in ourselves, in the only instrument we have with whichto deal with life and to contribute. Yet when people get busyproducing, or sawing, they seldom take time to Sharpen the Saw becausemaintenance seldom pays dramatic, immediate dividends. Thisdaily Private Victory is the key to the development of the SevenHabits, and it's completely within our control. Renewal is theprinciple and the process that empowers us to move on an upward spiralof growth and change, of continuous improvement. 習(xí)慣七是使所有其它習(xí)慣變得可能的習(xí)慣。"磨亮鋸子"意思是保存并增強(qiáng)你所擁有的最大資產(chǎn)--你。這個(gè)意思就是，在人生的四個(gè)領(lǐng)域--身體、智力、情感或社會、精神--制定一個(gè)平衡的、系統(tǒng)的自我提高計(jì)劃。沒有這么一條，身體將會變得虛弱，心靈將會變得死板，情感將會變得呆滯，精神將會變得遲鈍，人將會變得自私。 這是我們在生活中最能夠進(jìn)行的單一最有效果的投資--對我們自己、對我們所擁有的唯一工具進(jìn)行投資。有了它，我們便可應(yīng)對生活、做出貢獻(xiàn)。 這種每天都能有的"個(gè)人勝利"是開發(fā)七種習(xí)慣的關(guān)鍵，而且它是完全能夠被我們自己所控制的。自我提高是這樣一種法則和過程，它使我們能夠象螺旋那樣向上成長和變化，經(jīng)歷持續(xù)不斷的改善。 |
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