Abiotic degradation Degradation of a pesticide via purely physical or chemical mechanisms. Examples including hydrolysis and photolysis
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非生物性分解 農(nóng)藥經(jīng)由純物理或化學(xué)機(jī)制分解。如水解及 光分解。
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Absorption Transfer of a component from one phase to another (Gold, 1987). Movement of a pesticide from the environment (e.g. water, ingested food, leaf surface), across a biological membrane into an organism.
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吸收 農(nóng)藥由環(huán)境中如水、食物或葉表穿透生物體 膜進(jìn)入生物組織之移行現(xiàn)象。
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Acceptable daily intai(e(ADI) Estimate of the amount of a pesticide in food and drinking water which can be ingested daily over a lifetime by humans without appreciable health risk. It is usually expressed in milligrams per kilogram of body weight, see also Tolerable daily intake .(after Duffus, 1993)
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每日容許攝入量 農(nóng)藥在食物及飲水中之估算含量.人終其一 生不曾因攝取造成對(duì)健康的危害。通常以每 公斤體重之毫克數(shù)表示之。
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Action level (regulatory) 1 .For food commodities, an administrative maximum residue limit (MRL) used by regulatory authorities to initiate action where no llegally defined MRL has been established. 2. For the environment; concentration of a pesticide in air. soil or water at which emergency measures or preventative actions are to be taken, (after Duffus, 1993)
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執(zhí)行限值(管制用) 1.應(yīng)用於食品衛(wèi)生管理當(dāng)末依法訂有最高 殘留限值時(shí).以此限值供抉策者執(zhí)行管制行 為用。 2.應(yīng)用於環(huán)境保護(hù):指水、土壤或空氣中農(nóng)藥之 濃度.超過此限值時(shí)即應(yīng)採取緊急處理或預(yù) 防措施。
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Action limits (analytical quality control) Limits for measurements on reference material or spiked samples which indicate when an analytical procedure is not performing adequately and requires immediate action before data can be reported.
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操作極限(分析品管用) 由於分析方法未臻完善.因執(zhí)行需要在正式 報(bào)告完成,以參考物質(zhì)或添加樣品之偵測(cè)界 限前作為執(zhí)行管制之限值。
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Active ingredient (ai) Pesticide present in a formulation as described by the common name. The part of a pesticide formulation from which the biological effect is obtained. (FAO, 1987)
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有效成分 農(nóng)藥以其普通名標(biāo)稱之成分.意指成品農(nóng)藥 中具有生物活性之成分。
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Accuracy (of measurement) The closeness of agreement between the result of a measurement and the (conventional) true value of the measureand. Note 1. Use of the term precision for accuracy should be avoided. Note 2. True value is an ideal concept and, in general, cannot be known exactly. (Metrology, 1984)
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準(zhǔn)確度(量測(cè)) 量測(cè)值與真值吻合之程度。注意1.不可誤 為精密度。2.真值係-理論值.通常無法 獲得其確實(shí)數(shù)值。
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Acute toxicity Ability of a substance to cause adverse effects within a short period following dosing or exposure (after Duffus, 1993)
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急毒性 物質(zhì)經(jīng)短期暴露造成負(fù)面影響之能力。
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Adjuvant Formulani designed to enhance the activity or other properties of a pesticide mixture
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輔助劑 為增加或提高農(nóng)藥之活性或其他性質(zhì)所添加 之成分。
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Adsorption Enrichment of one or more components in an inlerfacial layer (Gold 1987)
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吸附 物質(zhì)附著於界面。
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Adverse effect Change in morphology, physiology, growth development or life span of an organism which results in impairment of functional capacity or which increases susceptibility to the harmful effects of other environmental influences, (after IPCS, 1987)
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反作用 對(duì)生物之形態(tài).生理.生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育或壽命造成 變化.進(jìn)而肇致機(jī)能損害.或?qū)е略撋飳?duì) 其他有害環(huán)境因子之感受性增強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)象。
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Aerobic Conditions under which molecular oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration or in metabolic osygenation. see also redox potential. (after Gold, 1987)
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有氧的 呼吸或氧化代謝時(shí)以氧分子為最終電子之接 受者之狀態(tài)。
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Aerosol A system of fine solid or liquid particles (<30um diam.) dispersed in a gas. Aerosol cans using an inert compressed propellant are a common means of dispensing insecticides for domestic use. see also nehulisation.
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氣霧劑 由氣體散佈之微細(xì)固態(tài)耿液態(tài)顆粒(直徑小於 30微米)。如常見之家用殺蟲劑噴霧罐.利用 釋放壓縮後情性氣體之推進(jìn)動(dòng)力.散佈殺蟲 劑。
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AFID Alkali Flame-Ionization Detector or Detection (cf NPD and TTD)
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火焰離子化檢出器
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Aged residue Pesticide and degradates present in an environmental system 'after application and following a period long enough to allow transport, adsorption, merabolism, and dissipation processes to alter the distribution and chemical nature of some of the applied pesticide.
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衰變殘留 殘留於環(huán)境中之農(nóng)藥或其代謝物,經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí) 間.因移行.吸附、代謝與分散等作用.已 改變其原在環(huán)境中之分佈及原農(nóng)藥成分之化 學(xué)性質(zhì)。
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Aggregate sample Sample made up of set proportions of other samples, typically an average by weight, see also composite sample.
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聚集樣品 由不同樣品以重量為準(zhǔn)取樣混合而成的樣 品。
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Aglycon Non-sugar part of a glycoside or glucuronide conjugate derived from the pesticide, see also exocon
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醣甘配基 農(nóng)藥與醣類接合形灰之醣化物或尿苦酸化 物.其分子中非屬醣類結(jié)構(gòu)之部分稱之。
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Agroehenlcal Agricultural chemical nsed in crop and food production including pesticide, feed additive, veterinary drug and related compounds.
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農(nóng)用化學(xué)品 農(nóng)業(yè)上使用於作物及食物生產(chǎn)上之化單品. 包括農(nóng)藥、肥料、飼料添加物、獸藥及其它 相關(guān)用途之化學(xué)成分。
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Aliquot Known fractional portion of a homogeneous material (Horwitz, 1990). The term is usually applied to volumetric sub-sampling of fluid.
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等分試樣 已知分量之均勻物質(zhì)。道常意指自液態(tài)樣品 取定容之次樣品。
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Anaerobic Condition under which reductive conditions prevail, see also redox potential.
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厭氧的 還原態(tài)佔(zhàn)優(yōu)勢(shì)之狀態(tài)。
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Analytical portion See test portion.
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定量分析樣品 由分析樣品中適量取出供分析使用之部份 樣品(Subsample)。
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Analytical sample See test sample.
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分析樣品 為減低定量分析樣品取樣誤差,以混拌、 研磨、切碎等步驟所製備的均質(zhì)樣品稱之。
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Analytical range Measurement range of test method where the performance has been validated and quality standards such as action limits developed.
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分析範(fàn)圍 當(dāng)測(cè)試方法之效能經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證.並已建立檢驗(yàn) 品保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí).該方法之檢測(cè)範(fàn)圍稱之。
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Analytical standard (pesticide) Pesticide reference material of high and defined purity (generally > 95%) for preparation of calibration standards.
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分析標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(農(nóng)藥) 已知含量做為參考物質(zhì)之高純度農(nóng)藥(通常 純度高於95%),供配製校驗(yàn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劑用。
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