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代詞
【考點(diǎn)直擊】 1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法； 2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法； 3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法； 4 常見不定代詞的一般用法； 5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法； 6. 相互代詞的基本用法； 7. 疑問代詞的基本用法。 8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。 一. 人稱代詞 1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。
2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如： I like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)） Do you know him?（作賓語(yǔ)） 3.人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如： ---Whos is knocking at the door? ---It’s me. 4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. 二. 物主代詞 1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性 物主代詞，如下表所示。
2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)） --- Is this English-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)） --- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)） 三. 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those 則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil． We are busy these days． In those days the workers had a hard time． 2. 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English． 3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 4. this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 四. 反身代詞 英語(yǔ)中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己" 等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 1. 作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人 或一些人。 He called himself a writer． Would you please express yourself in English? 2. 作表語(yǔ)。 It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon． The girl in the news is myself． 3. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） You should ask the teacher himself．（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） 五. 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下： 1. some與any的區(qū)別 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別 1）用作形容詞： 含義 用法 表示肯定 表示否定
用于可數(shù)名詞 a few雖少，但有幾個(gè) few不多，幾乎沒有
用于不可數(shù)名詞 a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn) little不多，沒有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night. 3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。 用 法
代名詞 形容詞
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
不定 another 另一個(gè) others 別人，其他人 another (boy) 另一個(gè)（男孩） other (boys) 其他男孩
特定 the other 另一個(gè) the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一個(gè)男孩 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩
1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別 的”。 Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ..., the other ...”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ...., others ...”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another. 4. every與each的區(qū)別。 each every
1)可單獨(dú)使用 1)不可單獨(dú)使用
2)可做代名詞、形容詞 2)僅作形容詞
3)著重“個(gè)別” 3)著重“全體”，毫無例外
4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. 5. all和both的用法。 1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ)) All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ)) That's all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ)) All the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ)) 2）both作代詞。 ?、倥c其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? They're both fine. ②與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. ③單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street. 六. 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語(yǔ)） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語(yǔ)） We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語(yǔ)） The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定語(yǔ)） 七. 疑問代詞 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑 問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語(yǔ)） What is that? (作表語(yǔ)) Whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ)) Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ)) 八.關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如： I hate people who talk much but do little. I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies. Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster? 【實(shí)例解析】 1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 答案：D。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動(dòng)詞show的后面要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處缺少一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選me。 2. (2004年北京市中考試題) ---What’s on TV tonight? Is there _________ interesting? ---I’m afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個(gè)疑問句。在疑問句中，通常用anything。 3. (2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題) ________ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式，所以Both和Some都不對(duì)。Every 不能作主語(yǔ)，所以只有Each合適。 4. (2004年安徽省中考試題) ---Where is my pen? ---Oh, sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers 答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯(cuò)拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對(duì)方的，所以選yours。 【中考演練】 一. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. ---You want ________ sandwich? ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours 7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term? ---Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for? ---Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 10. ---Is _______ here? ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another 13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? ---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either 14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? ---No. _______ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that 16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other 17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo? ---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none 19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 二. 用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag. 2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s? ---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it? 4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack. 5. ---Who taught your brother to surf? ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he). 6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England. 7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ). 8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______(you)? ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. 9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)? 10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate? 三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher. 2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games. 3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves. 4. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest. 5. ______ of the twins are in our class. 6. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______. 7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news. 8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time. 9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson. 10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? ---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country. 四. 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~和關(guān)系代詞填空 1. ______ is the population of the world today? 2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump? 3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress? ---It’s black. 4. ---______ is your car? ---The red one in front of the tree. 5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? ---I know, sir. It’s instruction. 6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful. 7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike? 8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor. 9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother. 10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful 【練習(xí)答案】 一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C 二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves 三. 1..the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her 四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that |
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