一、主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

主語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞that和whether、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)。

1. that引導(dǎo)

That he is still alive is a wonder. 他還活著，真是奇跡。

That we shall be late is certain. 我們要晚了，這是確定無(wú)疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽視工人階級(jí)是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她還活著是使人感到寬慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成為畫(huà)家可能是受她父親的影響。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你將來(lái)倫敦是好久以來(lái)我聽(tīng)到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑選上，在她村                    子里引起很大轟動(dòng)。

2. whether引導(dǎo)

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 兩強(qiáng)相爭(zhēng)勇者勝。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 無(wú)論(你們)誰(shuí)先到都可以得獎(jiǎng)。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪個(gè)哪個(gè)就是你的。

4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)

When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。

How it was done was a mystery. 這是怎樣做的是一個(gè)謎。

How this happended is not clear to anyone. 這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。

How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀請(qǐng)多少人還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里過(guò)暑假不關(guān)你的事。

5. 關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)

What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢(qián)。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。

What’s done is done. 事已成定局。

What he says is not important. 他說(shuō)的話并不重要。

What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你說(shuō)的都不過(guò)是一些印象而已。

What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 為河水增色的是水里的荷花。

What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一個(gè)比較大的帆布袋。

What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我擔(dān)心的是他們把他帶到葡萄牙去。

What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 給我很深印象的是他們都受過(guò)很多苦。

二、主語(yǔ)從句與形式主語(yǔ)it

有時(shí)為了考慮句子平衡，通常在主語(yǔ)從句處使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句移至句末。這分三種情況：

(1) 對(duì)于以連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，通常用形式主語(yǔ)代主語(yǔ)從句：

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遺憾他沒(méi)來(lái)。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必須知道此事。

It’s vital that we be present. 我們出席是至關(guān)重要的。

It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意圖是讓你當(dāng)候選人。

It is important that this mission not fail. 這項(xiàng)使命不失敗至關(guān)重要。

It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周開(kāi)一次會(huì)非常重要。

It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 廢除這個(gè)稅是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有這么多人失業(yè)這是不公平的。

It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未談及此事令人驚訝。

It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他們竟然拒絕我的請(qǐng)求，這是不可思議的。

That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他們拒絕在請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)上簽字這是需要很大勇氣的。

(2) 對(duì)于以連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以使用形式主語(yǔ)代主語(yǔ)從句，也可直接在句首使用主語(yǔ)從句：

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對(duì)我們是利是害，還得看看再說(shuō)。

(3) 對(duì)關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，通常直接將主語(yǔ)從句放在句首。如：

What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢(qián)。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。

有時(shí)也可將助用形式主語(yǔ)。如：

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

(4) 如果句子是疑問(wèn)句，則必須用帶形式主語(yǔ)it的結(jié)構(gòu)：

Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎？

How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又遲到了？(from www.)

三、連詞that的省略問(wèn)題

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞that 有時(shí)可省，有時(shí)不能省，其原則是：若that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句直接位于句首，則that不能省略；若that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主語(yǔ)it，則that可以省略：

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遺憾你沒(méi)去聽(tīng)報(bào)告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遺憾你沒(méi)去聽(tīng)報(bào)告。(that可省)